CHEMISTRY SUMMARY Atoms are the basis of chemistry. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction and cannot be destroyed without losing its chemical identity. Atoms are composed of three fundamental particles called protons, neutrons and electrons. An atom consists of a small central nucleus, which contains the protons and neutrons. Around the nucleus are electrons, which continuously surround the nucleus (2, 8, 8, 18, 32). Protons are positively charged
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1.2 Chemistry and You > Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry 1.1 The Scope of Chemistry 1.2 Chemistry and You 1.3 Thinking Like a Scientist 1.4 Problem Solving in Chemistry 1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 1.2 Chemistry and You > CHEMISTRY & YOU How is chemistry used to study worlds other than your own? Scientists who know chemistry have used the Hubble Space Telescope to discover water and compounds containing carbon on a planet located 63 light
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Chemistry Final Study Guide 1)CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRON Charge: It is a negatively charged particle. Location in the atom: Electrons revolve around the nucleus of atom in different circular orbits. CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTON Charge: Proton is a positively charged particle. Position in atom: Protons are present in the nucleus of atom. CHARACTERISTICS OF NEUTRON charge: It is a neutral particle because it has no charge. Location in the atom: Neutrons are present in the nucleus
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2014-2015 SPRING DISTRICT SNAPSHOT #4 OUTLINE Subject: Science Grade: Chemistry Snapshot: Snapshot #4 Standards: Ⓡ CHEM.10B, Ⓡ CHEM.10E, Ⓡ CHEM.10F, Ⓢ CHEM.10D, Ⓢ CHEM.10A, Ⓡ CHEM.8B, Ⓡ CHEM.8D Recommended Administration Window: February 2-6, 2015 Standard Question Number Question Type Level of Rigor (DOK)1 Details Ⓡ CHEM.10B Develop and use general rules regarding solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions. Q1 MC 1 Student uses a table of solubility rules to identify which of a
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Chemistry H Ch.7-8 Test Study Guide Ion formation, gain/lose electrons: - Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons and get charged. - If an atom gains electrons, an atom gets negatively charged (Anion). - Similarly if an atom looses electrons, the atom becomes positively charged (Cation). Ionic Compounds, properties: - A compound that is composed entirely of ions is called an ionic compound. - Ionic compounds are formed from a metal and a non-metal. - Ionic compounds
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Chemistry C121- Elementary Chemistry I Indiana University Northwest - Spring 2015 TEXT: Indiana University Northwest C121 Laboratory Manual Prentice Hall, New Jersey, Linda Wozneiwski, Indiana University Northwest. SAFETY: Safety is a primary concern in this course. Make sure that you have read and understand the safety rules written in your lab text and that you understand the safety rules written in your lab text and that you understand any safety rules or guidelines given by your instructor
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The Composition of Chemistry Abby Hackenberger Chemistry 110 June 14th, 2015 The Composition of Chemistry Chemistry is made up of so many different things, but at the core of it all is the understanding of the periodic nature and properties of atoms and molecules. The concepts of chemistry are based around these ideas as everything in chemistry is created from atoms. The understanding of the makeup of atoms has come a long way since the beginning. Now we know that atoms are made up of a nucleus
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Summary and Analysis: 1. a. They are good electrical conductors. The white solids form colorless solutions. b. They are the same compound. Colors are the same. 2. The sugar does not dissociate into ions. Solid state: hydrogen bonding in hydroxyl groups Dissolved state: hydrogen bonds are between the water molecules and the sugar molecule. Solid state: www.chm.bris.ac.uk Dissolved state: http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/teaching-about-snowflakes-a-flurry-of-ideas-for-science-and-math-integration
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Chemistry Overview: 4 major elements (C, H, O, N) pH Water’s role in the body A lot of terminology! An atom- smallest unit of Stable matter Ex. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Subatomic Particles Proton: Positive charge, 1 mass unit Neutron: Neutral charge, 1 mass unit Electron: Negative charge, low mass Ions If protons are not equal to electrons the atom is now known as an ion Cation = (+) Anion = (-) Valence Shell vs. Core Electrons Valence (outer) electron shells “Want” to be filled More stable
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The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? Why do we have to eat? Regents Biology 2006-2007 ELEMENTS OF LIFE ▪96% of living organisms is made of: ■carbon (C) ■oxygen (O) ■hydrogen (H) ■nitrogen (N) Regents Biology MOLECULES OF LIFE ▪Put C, H, O, N together in different ways to build living organisms ▪What are bodies made of? carbohydrates ◆ ▪sugars & starches proteins ◆fats (lipids) ◆nucleic acids ◆ ▪DNA, RNA Regents Biology WHY DO WE EAT? ▪We eat to take in more of
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A Level Chemistry Entry Requirements: BB in Core and Additional Science or B in Chemistry and C in Maths. In addition, a D Grade in AS Chemistry is needed to progress to the A Level. Wainwright, Miss J Rigby Exam Board: AQA Teachers: Mrs V Bates, Mr A Conheeney, Mr N Barnet, Mr P Carter, Mrs J Timetable Organisation: 5 periods of 1 hour length each week for two years, taught by 2 teachers. Students in Year 13 also have one hour of directed study time each week. Main Syllabus Area A Level Chemistry
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Chemistry Physical Property: A physical property is one that is displayed without any change in composition Chemical Property: Any characteristic that gives a sample of matter the ability/inability to undergo a change that alters its composition. Examples: Alkali metals react with water; Paper's ability to burn. Physical Change: Change in which the matter's physical appearance is altered, but composition remains unchanged. (Change in state of matter) Chemical Change: Change in which one or more kinds
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(CHAPTER 2) Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. (E.g. gold, copper, carbon, oxygen) A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio. (e.g. H2o and table salt NaCI) C, H, O, N make up 96% of living matter. Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities (e.g. iron and iodine) **Matter consists of chemical elements
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Chemistry Studies By Shomari Francis In our class we have been studying chemistry, there are five main different chemistry studies. Those chemistry studies are: combustion and photosynthesis, the pH studies, structure of matter, periodic table, and the limestone cycle. Here is a summary on In the beginning of our chemistry studies we were working on combustion and photosynthesis. In this study we burned a variety of plant materials; as a result we created combustion. In
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a significant number of preparatory courses should be completed prior to transfer. At minimum, you should complete one year of biology with laboratory, one year of general chemistry with laboratory, one year of calculus and one semester of organic chemistry with laboratory. Completion of a second semester of organic chemistry or one year of calculus-based physics is strongly recommended. Also, completion of one statistics course prior to transfer is recommended as preparation for upper division work
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Chemistry: The branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes. Element: A chemical substance with only one type of atom. Atom: Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element. Nucleus: The dense core of an atom composed of protons and neutrons. Electron: A small, negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus of an atom. Proton: A positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus. Neutron: An electrically neutral
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Chemistry Master Notes Covalent Bonding In a covalent bond electrons are shared between two atoms. Hydrogen is diatomic, energy is released when bonds are formed making H2 more stable. Molecules with a full outer shell become noble gas forms, very unreactive. Ionic Bonding Electrically charged ions are called Ions Positive = cation Negative = anion Metallic Bonding In the example of Na, the outer electron of each atom becomes ‘delocalised’ and free to
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Green Chemistry Unit: Green Chemistry: is the creation of greener chemical products and processes that eliminate and reduce harmful wastes in the environment. Principles of Green Chemistry: 1. Maximize Atom Economy: Synthesize the chemical so that few or no atoms are wasted. 2. Use Safer Solvents and Reaction Conditions: Use solvents that are safe if you have the opportunity. 3. Avoid Chemical Derivatives: Avoid using blocking agents because they can harmful chemical waste. Presidential Green
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Table Of Contents Math Of Chemistry Significant Figures Units Of Measurement Atomic Structure History Of Atomic Theory Difference Between Bohr And Wave Mechanical Models Atomic Mass Atomic Number Average Atomic Mass(sample Calculations) Isotopic Notations Atomic Calculations Ions(atomic Charge) Isotopes Electrons Electric Configurations Lewis Dot Diagram(electron Dot)Diagrams for Atoms And Ions Exited And Ground State Atomic Spectra Periodic Table Group Vs. Periods What do the
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Formula represents atoms present Methane + oxygen Methane, CH4 carbon dioxide + water Ammonia, NH3 Alcohol, CH3CH2OH 3 CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O 4 1 CHEM1002 Lecture 2 – – – – – Colour Melting point Conductivity Density Surface tension Toby Hudson, (School of Chemistry, University of Sydney) Physical properties are the properties that a substance shows by itself, without changing or interacting with another substance • Different states of a substance are different physical ways of packing its component particles
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Over the past two years, the phrase “HIV cure” has flashed repeatedly across newspaper headlines. In March 2013, doctors from Mississippi reported that the disease had vanished in a toddler who was infected at birth. Four months later, researchers in Boston reported a similar finding in two previously HIV-positive men. All three were no longer required to take any drug treatments. The media heralded the breakthrough, and there was anxious optimism among HIV researchers. Millions of dollars of grant
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1 CHAPTER 18 18.1 (a) f1 (10) = 0.90309 + 1.0791812 − 0.90309 (10 − 8) = 0.991136 12 − 8 εt = (b) 1 − 0.991136 × 100% = 0.886% 1 f1 (10) = 0.9542425 + 1.0413927 − 0.9542425 (10 − 9) = 0.997818 11 − 9 εt = 1 − 0.997818 × 100% = 0.218% 1 18.2 First, order the points x0 = 9 x1 = 11 x2 = 8 f(x0) = 0.9542425 f(x1) = 1.0413927 f(x2) = 0.9030900 Applying Eq. (18.4) b0 = 0.9542425 Equation (18.5) yields b1 = 1.0413927 − 0.9542425 = 0.0435751 11 − 9 Equation (18
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General Acids Conducts electricity as ions in solution An acid is a substance which in solution produces H+ / H3O ions HX + H2O -> H3O+ + X- List of common acids: Hydrochloric acid HCl Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Nitric acid HNO3 Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Carbonic acid H2CO3 Ethanoic acid CH3COOH Bases A base is a substance which either contain the oxide or hydroxide ion or which in solution produces the hydroxide ion A soluble base is called alkaline Oxides are insoluble List of common bases Calcium
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Bio-Chemistry 1. In the pharmaceutical, food or brewing industries, your work could include: • developing new products • monitoring production • quality control • checking the safety of existing products 2. Hours You would normally work 9 am to 5 pm, Monday to Friday. For some jobs you may need to work shifts, and during busy periods you may work longer hours. Part-time work is also available. Your work would mainly take place in a laboratory. In the manufacturing industry, you would also
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hydrogen atoms attached, and at one end is what we call an ester functional group (shown in blue). (http://www.goshen.edu/chemistry/files/2010/10/biodiesel-molecule.jpg) Regular Diesel molecular structure: Notice that regular diesel also has the long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but doesn’t have the ester group shown in blue above. (http://www.goshen.edu/chemistry/files/2010/10/diesel-molecule.jpg) But Biodiesel is not just found in the ground, it is made in a process called transesterification
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● ● ● ● Intro to chemistry ○ Dimensional analysis (5) Measurements ○ Measurements (3) ○ Accuracy and Precision (4) Matter and energy ○ Matter (2) ○ Nuclear Reactions (41) ■ Stability ■ Radiation ■ Alpha ■ Beta ■ Gamma ○ Fission and Fusion (42) ■ Nuclear bombardment ■ Fission ■ Energy and “missing” Mass ■ Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy 2 ■ Einstein’s Famous Equation (E=mc ) ■ Nuclear Chain Reactions ■ Fusion ○ Applications of Nuclear Chemistry (43) ■ Radioisotope
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Inorganic Chemistry (300899) Experiment 3.4 Report Preparation of Vanadium Acetylacetonate Introduction: Acetylacetone exists in two tautomeric forms Keto and enol. It is a weak acid and is mainly found in enol form. Acetyacetone is a bidentate ligand. The ligand binds to the transition metal ion in such a way that, one oxygen atom from the carbonyl
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1 Chemical Foundations 1. Chemistry - study of composition, structure, + prop. of matter, processes that matter undergoes, + E in processes 2. Chemical - any subs. with a def. composition; matter is composed of dif. types of atoms; 1 subs. changes to another by reorganizing the way atoms are bonded Chem. reaction - one or more subs. are converted into different subs.; atoms are re-organized 3. Law of Conservation of matter/mass/energy – matter/mass is neither created nor destroyed in chem
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18/01/2015 MCG5138 - ADVANCED TOPICS IN MECH. ENG. º `A `A ltÇwÉâé| j|ÇàxÜ ECDH Course Plan Surface Engineering Introduction Surface Preparation Changing the Surface Metallurgy Changing the Surface Chemistry Localized Surface Hardening Thermochemical Diffusion Chemical Conversion Anodizing Process Ion Implantation Mechanical Treatments Methods of Characterization 18/01/2015 MCG 5138K- Surface Engineering Adding a Surface Layer Galvanizing Process Thermal Spray Process Physical Vapor Deposition
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What to know? 1. Neutrons are neutral, makes up nucleus, and weighs about 1 dalton 2. Protons are positive, make up nucleus, are equal to # of electrons 3. Electrons are negative; randomly surround the nucleus, and equal # of protons. The amount of these determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an atom. Hydrogen: One electron, Carbon: 6 electrons, Nitrogen: 7 electrons, Oxygen: 8 electrons. 4. Salts in the body, like Calcium, Potassium, and Sodium Chloride and Iron, are all ionicly
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