Chapter: 2 -Worksheet
NASCI 177

1. What are the major elements of the human body? The major elements of the human body are Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus.
2. List the body's inorganic compounds and their functions. The major inorganic compounds are water, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and some acids, bases and salts. Oxygen is required by all the cells for metabolism and the circulating blood has to be well oxygenated to live. Carbon dioxide is the cells waste and must be removed from the body to prevent a major change in the pH (acidosis). Acids, bases and salts must stay balanced to maintain homeostasis of the blood pH and balance of the electrolytes.
3. Describe metabolism. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions of the body.
Catabolism occurs during decomposition reactions and releases energy. (Exergonic)Covalent bonds are broke, smaller molecules are produced and energy that is used during Anabolism is released. Anabolism occurs during synthesis reactions(Endergonic) and produces protein or fat.
4. Explain the importance or water in living organisms. Water is the universal solvent because of its polarity. Many ionic, polar, or covalent compounds will dissolve in water so more reactions occur while in solution with water. All metabolic reactions depend on the solvency of water.
5. Describe the body's major organic compounds and their functions. Proteins are the building blocks of the body and make up 70% of all body compounds. It is the most versatile molecule in the body. Carbohydrates are important for energy and help build connective tissues. Lipids are needed by every cell in the body to produce the cell memebrane. Carbs also store energy and produce hormones

6. Provide examples of monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide. Monosaccharides- Glucose- energy for cells. Galactose- Metabolized and converted to glucose. Fructose-Fruit sugar, converted to