Chapter one Matter &
Change

1-1:
• Nature science divides into two broad categories:

– biological science: living things
– physical science: nonliving

Definition of Chemistry:
• Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and energy changes that accompany these processes.

Branches of Chemistry
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organic chemistry inorganic chemistry physical chemistry analytical chemistry
Biochemistry
Theoretical chemistry

Branches of chemistry:
• 1. Organic chemistry: the study of most carbon-containing compound
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• 2. Inorganic chemistry: the study of most non-organic substances.
• Example: [Co(NH3)6]Cl3

physical chemistry:
• 3. physical chemistry: study properties and matters change that relates to energy.
• Often use principles or concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time, thermodynamics. ex: study surface tension in liquids, reaction rate, intermolecular forces….

Analytical chemistry
• 4. Analytical chemistry: to identify components and composition of matters. – Separation
– Identification
– Quantification

Biochemistry
• 5. Biochemistry: to study the substances and processes occurring in living things.
• Example: Proteins, DNA,

Theoretical chemistry
• 6. the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compound.
• Ex: quantum chemistry, molecule modeling

Schrödinger equation
• Schrödinger equation describes the quantum state of a physical system changes in time.

Molecular modeling

Nuclear chemistry

(extra)

• 7. Nuclear chemistry is the study of how subatomic particles come together and make nuclei.
• The field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes and nuclear properties.

material chemistry
(additional)

• 8. material chemistry is the study of the nature, behavior, and use of materials applied to science and technology. What are the differences?
• Basic research: increase knowledge, curiosity to know what, why, and how.
• Applied research: has a purpose (to solve a problem). Desire to solve a specific problem • Technological development: production, and use products to improve our life.

• These three often overlap. New finding leads to applications, result in new technologies.
Ex: knowledge of crystals and light, develop lasers, then the pulses of light from lasers can be sent through optical fibers. Telephone, cable, internet develop.

1.2 Matter and its properties • Mass and Matter:
– Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.
– Matter is anything has mass and take up space (volume).

Matter
• Matters comes in many forms. The fundamental building blocks of matter are atoms and molecules.

Atom, element, compound • Atom: the smallest unit of an element that contains the chemical identity of that element.
• Element: a pure substance that cannot break down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom • Compound: a substance can be broken down into simpler stable substances. (made from more than

Properties
• Chemists use properties to distinguish
(identify) between substances or separate them.
• Extensive properties: depend on the amount – ex: volume, mass, energy

• Intensive properties: not depend on the amount
– ex: melting point, boiling point, density, electrical conductivity

Physical & Chemical properties • Physical properties is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. ex: melting point, boiling point

• Chemical properties: the ability to undergo changes that transform into different substance.
– iron metal rusted

Physical & Chemical changes
• Physical change is a change does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
– ex: water become ice or steam (change of state) • Chemical changes (chemical reactions): a change that converts one or more substances into