Name: Gaurav Sharma Sapkota
Topic: Caffeine and its effect
Organizational Pattern: Topical
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about caffeine, its effects and ways to reduce its consumption.
Central Idea (Thesis): Caffeine is the most commonly consumed drug throughout the world that can lead to various health effect and can be reduced by several ways.
Introduction: Do you ever feel like having a cup of coffee to study late night or having a monster or red bull when you are tired? Well, if you ever had such feeling, you are not the only one. However, do you all know that there is a stimulant called ‘caffeine’ in such drinks that has got several effects on our body? From the various research and my personal experience today, I will share you all the information about caffeine, some of the health effects of caffeine and several ways to reduce the caffeine consumptions.
Body:
I. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in many types of drinks.
A. “Caffeine (C8H10N4O2 ) is a natural alkaloid found in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa beans, cola nuts and other plants.” (Nawrot, 2003)
1. It is mostly found in common beverage like tea, coffee or soft drinks, in products containing chocolate and in medications. (Nawrot, 2003)
2. Chemically, caffeine is simply an alkaloid and is white, bitter and water soluble substance. (caffeine chemistry)
3. Caffeine acts a natural pesticides for the plant and thus kills and paralyzes the insects present in the plant. (caffeine Chemistry)

B. Caffeine is the most frequently consumed drug in the world.
1. The normal dose of caffeine is about 100 mg which is equivalent to the amount of caffeine found in the cup of coffee.
2. It has been estimated that half of the Americans consumes more than 300 mg of caffeine every day.
3. According to the global statics of caffeine consumption 120,000 tons of caffeine is consumed everyday globally.
4. The same stats states that, 70% of the soft drinks contains caffeine at the moment.

C. In human body, caffeine acts as an additive stimulant.
1. It stimulates the central nervous system, heart rate and has got the psychotropic (mood shifting) properties. ( caffeine chemistry)
2. Caffeine is used to reduce physical fatigue and to restore mental alertness when there is weakness or drowsiness. (caffeine pharm ology )
The limited amount of caffeine is required to produce effects. However, caffeine can result many health related problem if consumed extremely.

II. There are some beneficial effects as well as many negative effects of caffeine depending upon the level of consumption.
A. Caffeine reduces fatigue and enhances mental alertness.
1. It helps you to feel more alert while you are doing some stressful work or while driving a long distance.
2. A recent study has even said that caffeine might boost the memory. (USA today)
B. Too much of caffeine consumption can lead to insomnia, nervousness and restlessness, stomach irritation, nausea and vomiting, increased heart rate and respiration, and other side effects
1. Too much of caffeine consumption can cause bleeding disorders. (It is a condition where your blood won’t stop once you get hurt.)
2. Caffeine can cause many heart related problem as it increases the heart beat rate.
3. When taken in large does, caffeine can causes diarrhea.
4. Consuming large amount of caffeine increases the blood pressure.
5. Caffeine can cause Osteoporosis. (It is the disease in which bones becomes fragile.)
6. Consuming large amount of caffeine in pregnancy can result in the problems like miscarriage and many more.
Caffeine consumption should be reduced. The more amount of caffeine you take, the more you feel like taking it and the more you are likely to have adverse effect. You can probably have a better effect if you reduce it slowly instead of reducing completely.
III. Caffeine consumption can be reduced in several ways.
A. Have a coffee that contains less caffeine.