expenditures, social and environmental costs result from marine effluents, traffic congestion, traffic noise, road repairs, atmospheric emissions, and public subsidies. Estimated economic benefits amount to at most $24 M, while estimated costs are at least $28 M. The study analysis is based on 2009 cruise ship activity in Victoria; however, the pattern in 2010 was similar. From May through September, there were over 100 days with ships in port. "Home port" cities like Seattle and Vancouver reap…
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