During the time of cast transformation for America they transformed society from rural to urban and from agricultural to industrial. There were many different events and movements that led to this transformation. In 1863 President Lincoln announced his plan for reconstruction. His plan to restore the union consisted of a general amnesty that would be granted to everyone who would take to oath of loyalty to the U.S. and pledge that they would obey all federal laws that pertained to slavery. High confederate officials and military leaders were to be excluded temporarily. When 10% of the number of voters who participated in the 1860 election had taken the oath in a particular state, then the state was able to launch a new government and elect representatives to congress. In July of 1864 the Wade Davis Bill was passed by congress, a state must have majority within its borders to take the oath of loyalty, a state must formally abolish slavery, and no confederate officials could participate in the new governments. In 1865 Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Johnson became president and revealed his plan for reconstruction. His plan pardons would be granted to those taking the oath of loyalty, no pardons would be granted to high confederate officials or people owning property values over $20,000, a state had to abolish slavery before they could be readmitted. The states were required to repeal its succession ordinate before being readmitted. The compromise of 1877 ended the reconstruction when Hayes promised that as president he would remove federal troops from all southern states. The southern democrats would regain control of the region, in return the democrats would allow Hayes to claim a victory that he did not win. During the settlement of the far west affected the Native American’s because once the American’s kept pushing west after making Ohio a state American’s pushed on into new areas. The Native American’s were exposed to many diseases such as small pox, measles, and influenza resulting in many deaths. The settlers took over a large part of the Native’s hunting grounds and took the forest for farming. The Native American’s tradition, home life, and population greatly declined throughout the settlement of the west. The populist had a goal of replacing the democrats as the nation’s second party by forming an alliance of farmers of the west and south with the industrial workers of the east. The populist votes in the congressional election of 1894 increased to 1,471,000 as the party gradually gained momentum. There were many new inventions to start taking place in the 18th century. Most of the modern inventions came from the industrial revolution. Huge production in goods led to more affordable living conditions. The cities became ideal places for factories, which gave openings for jobs. The lack of planning for city growth resulted in no sewage, no running water, or a sanitation system. There were many labor strikes, poor living conditions and social instability. A few of the labor strikes were the Homestead Act and the Pullman Strike. The Homestead Act began in 1982, it started a battle between strikers and private security agents. It was between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers and the Carnegie Steel company, it resulted in a major defeat for the union and set back the efforts to unionize steelworkers. The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the U.S. that took place in 1894. The conflict began on May 11, when almost 4,000 factory workers of the Pullman Company started to strike because of wage reductions. A federal court issued a statement that forbid the union to continue with the strike. During the urbanization era immigrants from many countries traveled to America looking for better working and living conditions for themselves and their family. Businesses began to grow and workers began earning higher wages. Shopping centers became popular