Chapter 1 - The Human Body: Notes Mrs. Peck
I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (p. 2)
A. Anatomy (p. 2)
Anatomy- the study of the structure and shape of the body & body parts & their relationships to one another
1. Gross Anatomy- study of large observable structures
2. Microscopic Anatomy- study of cells & tissues of body (as seen thru microscope)
Dissection- aimed at helping us understand the f’ns of ea of the various levels of organization, but body works as a whole & is more complex than sum of its parts
B. Physiology (p. 2)
Physiology- study of how the body & its parts work or function diff. types of physiology eg. neurophysiology, cardiac physiology
C. Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
1. Anatomical structure determines physiological function eg: digestive system: single long tube from entrance to exit, with twists & turns
2. Anatomy & physiology are separate but closely related concepts.
*A slight change in anatomy can have a significant effect on physiology
II. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7)
A. From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3)
Every level of the system relies on the smooth workings of the level preceding it
Malfunction at any level may have life-threatening consequences
1. Chemical Level- atoms combine to form molecules atom- building blocks of matter
2. Cellular Level- molecules combine to form cells such as smooth muscle cells cell- smallest units of all living things
3. Tissue Level- similar cells combine to form tissues such as smooth muscle tissue tissue- groups of similar cells that have a common function eg: epithelial, connective, muscular, neural
II. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7) 2
A. From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3)
4. Organ Level- differing tissues combine to form organs organ- structure that is composed of two or more tissue types & performs a specific function for the body eg: such as a blood vessel made of epithelial, smooth, and connective tissues
5. Organ System Level- differing organs combine to form organ systems organ system- group of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose eg: digestive: includes esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, colon ect. each organ has their job to do organs work together to move food thru system: breaking it down & absorbing nutrients
6. Organismal Level- many organs systems combine to