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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Concept 6.1 Biologists use microscopes and the tools of biochemistry to study cells 1. The study of cells has been limited by their small size, and so they were not seen and described until 1665, when Robert Hooke first looked at dead cells from an oak tree. His contemporary, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, crafted lenses and with the improvements in optical aids, a new world was opened. Magnification and resolving power limit what can be seen. Explain the difference. Magnification is the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size. Resolution is a measure of the clarity of the image; it is the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished
Location Suspended in the cytosol Product

Type of Ribosome Free ribosomes Bound ribosomes

Proteins that function within the cytosol Attached to the outside of the Proteins for insertion into endoplasmic reticulum or membranes nuclear envelope

Concept 6.4 The endomembrane system regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell 17. List all the structures of the endomembrane system.

Nuclear envelope Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vesicles Vacuoles Plasma membrane 18. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) makes up more than half the total membrane system in many eukaryotic cells. Use this sketch to explain the lumen, transport vesicles, and the difference between smooth and rough ER. See page 104 of your text for the labeled figure.

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The ER lumen is the cavity, or cisternal space. Because the ER membrane is continuous within the nuclear envelope, the space between the two membranes of the envelope is continuous with the lumen of the ER. Transport vesicles bud off from a region of the rough ER called transitional ER and travel to the Golgi apparatus and other destinations. Smooth ER is so named because its outer surface lacks ribosomes. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes on the outer surface of the membrane and thus appears rough through the electron microscope. 19. 1. 2. 3. 20. List and describe three major functions of the smooth ER.