1) USGA Rule 28. Ball Unplayable:
a. A player is the sole judge of this rule and can deem his ball unplayable anywhere on the course besides a water hazard. If a player deems his ball unplayable he can remedy the situation by taking a one stroke penalty complying with the following: a) Play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played, or b) Drop a ball behind the point where the ball lay, keeping that point directly between the hole and the spot on which the ball is dropped, with no limit to how far behind that point the ball may be dropped, or c) c. Drop a ball within two club-lengths of the spot where the ball lay, but not nearer the hole. The only exception is; if applying options b or c to a ball in a bunker, the ball must stay in the bunker.
b. This rule would apply to a situation where a player hits a ball into a spot on the course such as a mass of tree roots. The player then determines that he cannot possibly make a shot on the ball. The player then chooses to drop a ball in the rough 1 and ½ club lengths away and play from there.
c. In this situation the player chose to play the ball within the two-club length distance so he could move the ball out of the tree roots into the rough and provide for a better shot. Because he chose to drop a ball, he incurs a one stroke penalty.
2) Task oriented people focus on completing specific objectives as a measure of success, and they enjoy just going through the motions. Ego