CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General:
Earthquake resistant design of RC buildings is a continuing area of research since the earthquake engineering has started not only in India but in other developed countries also. The buildings still damage due to some one or the other reason during earthquakes. In spite of all the weaknesses in the structure, either code imperfections or error in analysis and design, the structural configuration system has played a vital role in catastrophe.
1.2 Floating Column:
A column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from foundation level and transferring the load to the ground. The term floating column is also a vertical element which ends (due to architectural design/ site situation) at its lower level (termination
If load factor needs to be augmented (for Transfer Girder and its columns) to have additional safety of structure, shall be adopted. In the given system, floating columns need not be treated to carry any earthquake forces. Therefore entire Earthquake of the system is shared by the columns/shear walls without considering any contribution from Float columns. However in design and details of Float columns, minimum 25% earthquake must be catered in addition to full gravity forces.
This way the overall system as some breathing safety during earthquake. However, Floating columns are competent enough to carry gravity loading but transfer girder must be of adequate dimensions (Stiffness) with very minimal deflection.
Though floating columns have to be discouraged, there are many projects in which they are adopted, especially above the ground floor, where transfer girders are employed, so that more open space is available in the ground floor. The transfer girders have to be designed and detailed properly, especially in earthquake zones. If there are no lateral loads, the design and detailing is not difficult.
There might not be paper detailing the difference of adopting floating columns. We have to do a three dimensional analysis and be very careful at the joints where the floating columns meet the transfer
View Facility – For viewing the output file
3. Print/Plot Facility – For printing and plotting the output file and graphics screen
4. Data Exchange with CAD Program – For import/export of drawing data
5. On Screen Calculator – For interactive arithmetical calculations
6. On Line Manual – For detailed information STAAD.Pro-2005 commands as explained in the reference manual
The text editor is available from the main menu as well as from the STAAD-Pre facility. It is also accessible as an independent application from the REI applications group. This can be used for creating new input file. Viewing/editing an existing input file and viewing/editing an input file created by the STAAD-Pre graphics input generator. The view facility is available from the main menu as well as from the STAAD-Post facility. This facility can be utilized to view the entire output file on the screen. Both numerical data and graphics output can be viewed.
1.5 Need of the Present Study:
The review of literature reveals that much work has been done for the analysis and design of multistorey buildings having floating columns under seismic loading, but the work to improve the performance of the behavior of floating column is yet to be