are generated by cruise line, passenger, and crew member expenditures, social and environmental costs result from marine effluents, traffic congestion, traffic noise, road repairs, atmospheric emissions, and public subsidies. Estimated economic benefits amount to at most $24 M, while estimated costs are at least $28 M. The study analysis is based on 2009 cruise ship activity in Victoria; however, the pattern in 2010 was similar. From May through September, there were over 100 days with ships in…
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