Alvarez, Yoana
Summer Assignment
Dual Enrollment US History
Chapter 2

-Queen Isabella: daughter of John II of castle. Planned to obtain power from her half-brother Henry as a monarchy, denying all of his marriage candidates. She married the king of Aragon.
-Along with her husband, fought to defeat other claimants of the throne to unite the monarchies of Spain A pious woman, Isabella supported the inquisition in 1478 to identify and punish heretics.
-Especially Jewish converts was the only one who supported Columbus in his risky scheme in 1492. Therefore that same year he claimed the land he discovered for her and her husband.
-Reconquest: a second conquest
- To eliminate Muslim strongholds on the Iberian Peninsula, and purify Christianity.
-Prince Henry the Navigator: son of the Portuguese king and great uncle of queen Isabella of Spain.
-From 1415 until his death in 1460 Henry collected the latest information about sailing techniques and the geography supported new crusades against the Muslims.
- Sought fresh sources of trade to fatten Portuguese pocketbooks and pushed explorers to go farther still.
-Colonization: the act or process of establishing a colony or colonies.
-Portuguese realized that friendly trading posts are far more profitable than forcing a colony formation in an inland region colonies are controlled by a distinct control
- Christopher Columbus: a man who was bold enough to believe that the experts were wrong and that the risks were surmountable.
- His exploration inaugurated a geographical revolution that forever altered European understanding of the world and its people including them.
-Tanios: islanders from the island of “San Salvador” called themselves that, meaning good
-an agricultural people tanios grew cassava, corn, cotton, tobacco and other crops
-Treaty of Tordesillas: treaty that drew an imaginary line eleven hundred miles west of the Canary Islands.

-Prevented chaos and disagreements on who got what land and feuds between the lands.
-Northwest Passage: a sea route through the arctic ocean along the northern coast of North America.
-sought by explorers for centuries as possible trade route.
-Ferdinand Magellan: Portuguese explore born in Sabresa in northern Portugal, served King Charles of Spain in search of a western route
-Discovered how much water was between the New World and Asia when he led on an expedition to circumnavigate the globe
-Colombian exchange: transatlantic trade of goods, people, and ideas that contributed ever since
- a term which describes the way the countries can interact with each other
- Hernan Cortes: an obscure 19 year old Spanish seeking adventure and chance to make a name for himself
- Defeated Mexican defenders in 1521
-Montezuma: emperor of Tenochtitlan
- Cortez used his as a puppet through which Spaniards could rule Mexican empire
-Conquistador: soldiers, explorers and adventures at the services of the Spanish
-sailed beyond Europe, conquering territory and opening trade routes colonized most of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 15th and 16th centuries
-Franciso Pizarro: distant cousin of Hernan Cortez
- conquered Incan empire
-Incan Empire: empire In Peru, conquered by Pizarro with an army of less than 200 men
-controlled a vast, complex region that contained more than a million people and stretched across the western coast of south America 2000 miles.
-San Miguel de Guadalupe: first European settlement inside what is now US territory
-established by Lucas Vazquez de Aylon, first Spanish to attempt to establish a foothold in what is now US

-Hernando de Soto: a seasoned conquistador who had taken part in the conquest of peru
-set out nine ships and more than six hundred men to find another Peruvian North America. After the