To begin, the outside of the cell is called the cell wall, which helps to keep the shape of the cell and acts as a protective barrier. Right inside of the cell wall is the plasma membrane, which controls the type and mass of materials that come and go out of the cell. After the plasma membrane decides what is needed the vacuole is where the material is stored. The parts responsible for the muscle of a cell is the cytoskeleton which is made up of three protein filaments, microtubules, actin filaments (microfilaments), and intermediate fibers. All of these filaments work together to shape the cell, but the main important function is the cells motility. While the cytoskeleton is important for the muscle function of a cell, the mitochondrion (the power of the cell) is needed to supply energy that helps a cell to move about and produce ATP. The parts of the cell that is responsible for producing proteins are called ribosomes. Ribosomes are the reason for the name of our next part, which is the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The ribosomes are on top of the rough er and they work together to produce then transfer proteins. A cell also contains a part called the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which controls the amount of calcium released, breaks down toxins and creates lipids. While the smooth er creates the lipids, the Golgi body is responsible for distributing them. The Golgi body distributes enzymes and proteins as well. The appearance of a plant is possible because of the
Cell Membrane and Methods of Transportation The Structure: Cell Membranes are composed by two layers of phospholipid, which form a bilayer. Phospholipids are made up of a polar, hydrophilic area containing phosphate group bonded to glycerol and a non-polar, hydrophobic area containing fatty acids. Hydrophilic (water-loving) areas point inwards and the ‘heads’ appear on the outside of the membrane where water is present. Hydrophobic areas (water-hating) point outwards and the ‘tails’ orientate…
Module 2 key terms Active Transport- Membrane transport processes for which ATP is required. Also refers to solute pumping. Anabolism- Energy requiring building phase of metabolism in which simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances. Anticodon- The three base sequence complementary to the messenger RNA codon. Aerobic- Requiring oxygen. Anaerobic- Not requiring oxygen. Catabolism- Process in which living cells breakdown substances into smaller substances. Centriole- Minute…
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I WORKSHEET I Plasma Membrane and Cellular Transport Structure of the Plasma Membrane 1. Why do you think it is important to have a membrane surrounding each of our trillions of cells? Expect varying answers, but the idea is have the students understand the plasma membrane separates the cells from their environment and each other while also regulating the material within each cell. 2. What are two distinctive physical features of phospholipids? Heads are polar (water soluble…
Cell Theory 1. Cell is the fundamental unit of life 2. Organisms are composed of cells. 3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organisms Mitochondria Plasma Membrane Primary Cell Wall Secondary Cell Wall Nucleus Tonoplast Central Vacoule ER Ribosomes Primary Cell Wall –All Plants have-Composed of Cellulose Cellulose-Polymer of Glucose Micro fibril-Threadlike Space between- Free Spaces Secondary Cell Wall- Not all Plants…
Chapter 6 A Tour of the Cell Cellular level of organization • Cell theory: • A unifying concept in biology • Originated from the work of biologists Schleiden and Schwann in 1838-9 • States that: – All organisms are composed of cells – All cells come only from preexisting cells – Smallest unit of life • German botanist Matthais Schleiden in 1838 • German zoologist Theodor Schwann in 1839 • German physician Rudolph Virchow in 1850’s Organisms and Cells 3 Cell Size • Most much smaller than one…
of the cell theory 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Cells are born from previously existing cells and passing their DNA to the new cells 2. Describe the difference between prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses. Prokaryotic= smaller, simpler, no nucleus Eukaryotic = no complex, has a nucleus, larger Viruses= has DNA , isn’t considered a cell 3. The plasma membrane is a boundary…
INTRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD (ch 1 and 4) Biology is the systematic study of life. Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ system Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere Population: a group of individuals of a species in an area Community: all populations of all species in a given area Ecosystem: a community interacting with its environment Biosphere: all regions that hold life All living things have similar characteristics: 1. Continual inputs…
Notes Cell membranes isolate cell contents whole allowing communication with the environment Functions Isolate cells contents from external environment, allowing concentration gradients of dissolved substances to be produced across the membrane Regulate exchange of essential substances between cell and the extracellular fluid, or between membrane enclosed organelles and the surrounding cytoplasm Allow communication between cells Create attachments within and between cells Regulate…
MOSAIC MODEL? The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane is the most accepted hypothesis, which describes the membranous components and their functions. According to this model, the plasma membrane is similar to a fluid, in which various molecules are arranged in a mosaic-like pattern. The protoplasm of every living cell is enclosed by a plasma membrane. It holds true for both simple prokaryotic, as well as for the complex eukaryotic cells. This membrane not only serves as a protective covering…
A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Fundamental Units of Life ¥ All organisms are made of cells ¥ The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live ¥ Cell structure is correlated to cellular function ¥ All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells ¥ LMs can magnify effectively to about 1,000 times the size of the actual specimen ¥ Various techniques enhance contrast and enable cell components to be stained or labeled ¥…