|Unicellular prokaryotes, cell wall composed of peptidoglycan |Bacteria |
|Photosynthetic |Cyanobacteria and Algae |
|Molds and yeasts, important decomposers of organic materials |Fungi |
|Multicellular animals, parasitic worms |Helminths |
|Unicellular eukaryotes, amoeba, ciliates, and flagellates |Protozoa |
|Acellular particles |Viruses |
|Unicellular prokaryotes, found in extreme environments, cell wall |Archaea |
|lacks peptidoglycan | |
|Study of bacteria |Bacteriology |
|Study of the body's defense against pathogenic microbes |Immunology |
|The use of microbes to remove an environmental pollutant |Bioremediation |
|The study of fungi |Mycology |
|The study of viruses |Virology |
|The industrial application of microorganisms, cells, or cell |Biotechnology |
|components to make a useful product | |
|The science dealing with DNA and protein synthesis of living organisms|Molecular Biology |
|Which of the following is not true about protozoa? |They have rigid cell walls. |
|Which of the following is true about viruses? |A.They are not composed of cells. B.They cannot metabolize nutrients.|
| |C.They cannot reproduce themselves. D.They have DNA or RNA. E.All of |
| |the above. |
|Regarding Pasteur's experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the |A. There was air involved. B. There was a food source involved. C. |
|following statements is true? |Any possibility of contamination was removed. D. All microorganisms |
| |were killed before beginning. E. All of the above. |
|Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation? |Pasteur |
|Who proved that microorganisms cause disease? |Koch |
|Which of the following is not an example of biotechnology? |Bacterial degradation of a dead animal |
|The best definition of biotechnology is |The use of living organisms to make desired products. |
|You are observing a cell through a microscope and note that it has no |Has a peptidoglycan cell wall.
of DNA during conjugation; help bacteria adhere Plasmid a small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of bacterial chromosome; also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeast Ribosomes a cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits. Bacterial flagellum taillike structure; enable bacteria to move; evolved independently of…
CHAPTER 5: LIGATION Background Cloning Vectors Pgs 94 - 101 Once a gene or part of a gene has been amplified using PCR, the next step in cloning is to insert the DNA into a plasmid or cloning vector so that the fragment can be propagated. Gene is amplified insert DNA into a cloning vector to be grown. a vector is defined as an organism that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another (Infectious disease definition) A vector is an agent (such as a bacteriophage or plasmid) that is…
Bacterial transformation occurs when an organism receives DNA from a different species and expresses the implemented gene, thus becoming a transgenic organism. The practice proceeds as follows: first cut the plasmid from one organism and DNA from another, using the same restriction enzyme on a palindromic sequence. The recombinant plasmids then enter the host bacteria and asexually reproduce infinitely. We can identify that the bacteria has the new DNA by testing to see if it expresses the trait. We can…
microbiologist. Griffith observed that the mutant form, non-virulent form, of the bacteria Streptococcus Pnumoniae could be transformed into the normal, virulent form, when injected into mice along with heat killed normal forms. He concluded that somehow the information the dead virulent form had transformed the mutant form into a virulent form. Later on through the works of Avery, Macleod, and McCarty in 1944, it became obvious that DNA is the transforming property and the substance…
enough detail that others could reproduce the experiment Most of your procedure will be given, refer to them in the reference. However, give rational for your methods here, i.e. “The cell membrane was disrupted by treatment with NaOH/SDS”; “Plasmid DNA was precipitated using potassium phosphate”. Results A section containing the raw data and statements of what “is”, not what the data “might” mean. Tables, graphs are usually presented here to summarize the results Same. Discussion A section…
and 234 237 in your textbooks. DNA sequencing DNA technology and genetic engineering Recombinant DNA: A plasmid is extracted from a bacterial cell and then using restriction enzymes, is cut open. Also a gene is extracted from a human cell. using the same restriction enzyme as before to ensure that the gene can be placed in the plasmid. The gene is placed in a solution with the plasmid and then they combine. The plasmid is placed in a bacteria cell and the bacteria cell multiplies. The bacteria without the desired gene are thrown away…
detect if the bacteria contains any deoxyribonuclease activity. Because no color change was observed from blue to clear my unknown bacteria displayed a negative result. Blood agar plate This test is used to detect the hemolytic activity in the bacteria. A darkish green color on the media around the bacteria would represent incomplete hemolysis. A transparent media around the bacteria colony represents complete lysis of the red blood cells. If no change is observed around the bacteria colony then…
replicate(replicator). • First prokaryotic cell( survived in CO2 and water). • Organisms began to use light as an energy source-photosynthesis(oxygen was produced and was toxic). • Oxygen and UV combine to create the ozone layer( the atmosphere was formed). • bacteria and archaea, and eukaryotes combine...endosymbiosis. • Small organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast fuse into larger cells. • plant, animal, fungi lines begin to form • multicellular plants and water animals form. • the evolution of the…
(takes inside) and expresses a new piece of genetic material. Genetic transformation literally means change caused by genes and involves the insertion of one or more genes into an organism in order to change the organism’s traits. A gene is a piece of DNA that gives the instructions for making a protein. This protein gives an organism a certain trait. A gene is inserted into an organism in order to change the organism’s trait. This new genetic information often provides the organism with a new trait…
identify different types of bacteria based on their DNA sequence. Not long ago, DNA sequencing was a time-consuming, tedious process. With readily available commercial equipment and kits, it is now routine. The techniques used in this lab are applicable in a wide variety of settings, including scientific research and forensic labs. Basic Steps • Prepare a sample from a patient and isolate whole bacterial DNA. • Make many copies of the desired piece of DNA. • Sequence the DNA. • Analyze the sequence…
