CHAPTER 11 STUDY GUIDE – IMPERIALISM
DIRECTONS : Define the terms and answer the questions to the best of your ability.
VOCABULARY:
1. ASSIMILATION: is the process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group. Assimilation may involve either a quick or gradual change depending on circumstances of the group. Full assimilation occurs when new members of a society become indistinguishable from members of the other group. Whether or not it is desirable for an immigrant group to assimilate is often disputed by both members of the group and those of the dominant society.
1.同化：是的过程魁一个人或一个群体的语言和/或文化，来酷似那些评论另一组。同化可能涉及要么快速或逐渐变化取决于组的境遇。全面同化发生在一个社会中的新成员成为惟妙惟肖L'AUTRE组的成员。不论它是理想的移民群体同化往往是由小组成员和那些占主导地位的社会争议。
2. CRIMEAN WAR: The Crimean War also known in Russian historiography as the Eastern War of 1853-1856 was a conflict in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. The immediate cause involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire. The French promoted the rights of Catholics, while Russia promoted those of the Orthodox Christians. Russia lost the war and the Ottomans gained a twenty-year respite from Russian pressure. The Christians were granted a degree of official equality and the Orthodox gained control of the Christian churches in dispute.
克里米亚战争也知道在俄罗斯史学为1853年至1856年的东方战争是在魁俄罗斯冲突输给了法国，英国，奥斯曼帝国，和撒丁岛的联盟。的直接原因圣地涉及基督教少数派的权利，魁是由奥斯曼帝国控制。法国促进天主教的权利，而俄罗斯晋升那些正统的基督徒。俄国战败，奥斯曼获得来自俄罗斯的压力20年的喘息。基督徒被授予学位的官方平等和基督教教堂争议的正统取得了控制。
3. Imperialism: is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means".[
.帝国主义：是[“通过殖民，使用武力，或 - 其它手段扩展一个国家的力量和影响的政策”。

4. Sepoys: The term sepoy came into use in the forces of the British East India Company in the eighteenth century, where it was one of many, such as peons, gentoos, mestees and topasses used for various categories of native soldiers. Initially it referred to Hindu or Muslim soldiers without regular uniform or discipline. It later generically referred to all native soldiers in the service of the European powers in India. Close to ninety-six percent of the British East India Company's army of 300,000 men were native to India and these sepoys played a crucial role in securing the subcontinent for the company.

4.语sepoys：本sepoy凸轮进入了英国东印度公司在18世纪，它被是众多的，如苦工，Gentoos，mestees Topasses并用于各类本土战士的实力长期使用。最初，它提到印度或穆斯林士兵没有统一的或者定期的纪律。一般后来提及的所有本土士兵的欧洲列强在印度的服务。接近30万人的英国东印度公司的军队96％是原产于印度和论文语sepoys在确保南亚次大陆为公司起到了至关重要的作用。

5. BATTLE OF ADOWA: The Battle of Adwa was fought on 1 March 1896 between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy near the town of Adwa, Ethiopia, in Tigray. It was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War, securing Ethiopian sovereignty.

阿杜瓦战役战斗了在1896年3月1日恩特雷里奥斯LES埃塞俄比亚帝国和意大利王国附近阿德瓦，埃塞俄比亚镇，提格雷。这是第一次意大利埃塞俄比亚战争，埃塞俄比亚确保主权的高潮争斗。

6. DIRECT CONTROL: The French and other European powers preferred direct control of their colonies. They viewed the Africans as unable to handle the complex business of running a country. Europeans developed a policy called PATERNALISM. Europeans provided for their needs, but didn’t give them rights. Europeans brought in their own bureaucrats and and not train local people in European methods of governing.

DIRECT CONTROL：法国和欧洲列强 - 其它首选他们的殖民地的直接控制。他们认为非洲人确实无法处理运行一个国家的复杂业务。欧洲人开发了一种名为过期家长式的政策。欧洲人为他们的需求，喝了关于没有给他们的权利。欧洲人brought`在自己，而不是官僚和地方培养人的，执政的欧洲方法。

7. INDIRECT CONTROL: The British asked a local ruler to accept British authority to rule. Local officials handled much of the daily management of the colony. Each colony had a legislative council that included colonial officials as well as local merchants and professionals nominated by the colonial governor.

7.间接控制：英国Abebooks网站本地统治者接受英国权威统治。当地官员处理的许多殖民地的日常管理。每个殖民地都有这包括和殖民地官员当地的商人和殖民地总督的专业人士提名立法会。

8. SOCIAL DARWINISM: Many Europeans believed that they were better than other peoples. Charles