APEH – Unit 9 – Chapter 25 Reading Comprehension Guide

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Unit 9. Day 5: pp. 785­791:
Reading and Science
Write DEFINITION CARDS for the following terms for this section:
New Imperialism­ a period of colonial expansion—and its accompanying ideologies—by the European powers, the United States of America and the Empire of Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Imperialism­ a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Imperialism of Free Trade­ an article by John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson that was published in the Economic History Review in 1953.

1. Explain how issues concerning late 19th century imperialism reflected prominent themes we have already discussed.
It was essentially a way for countries to gather more wealth and resources to compete with other European countries in areas of land, gross wealth, and industry just like they have been for a majority of their history
2. What are the legacies of the 20th century imperialism?
Independent states in Africa and Asia, the Vietnam War, Communist China, apartheid, Middle East turbulence, present­day economic structure and agricultural production, Christian church tension, existence of self­ruling Canada, Australia, and New
Zealand, WWI
3. Let’s review: Which countries were most dominant during the age of discovery and exploration? Where did the majority colonial rivalry take place? Why? What changes occurred in these areas during the mid­eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
Explain the importance of the Monroe Doctrine in determining future colonial efforts.
Spain, Portugal, France, England, Netherlands; Africa, Asia, East Indies, India; context of mercantilist economies; The location changed to the Americas; it closed the Americas to European colonization
4. How did Spain lose its colonial might?
It lost many of its colonies, such as Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Cuba, and Guam
5. How is the relationship of European countries with African nations different in the nineteenth century?
It would no longer serve as just the location where European powers got most of their slaves
6. Which religious groups are actively involved in 19th century imperialism?
Roman Catholicism, Evangelical Protestantism
7. Explain how Adam Smith’s economic ideas influenced colonial trading?
They argued to abandon the doctrine of mercantilism and take up free trade as with more free trade it would boost the country’s economy and hit the other countries’ economies
8. True or
False
: Imperialism of Free Trade eliminated the need for warfare to settle imperial issues.
9. Explain the impetus for the Opium Wars (1839­42 & 1856­60). Who won these wars and what did they win.
China wouldn’t open their ports to British trade ships and Britain wanted to trade with China; Britain, Hong Kong and many trade port openings as well as establishing free trade with China, force them to pay reparations, and missionize China
10. Explain of Great Britain gained control over the following areas: Canada; Australia; New Zealand
Canada: warfare; and colonization there provoked westward movement like the US settling of the West
Australia and New Zealand: Cpt. James Cook explored and claimed New Zealand and Australia for Britain, and imposed British political and economic institutions there
11. In what way was India an important part of the British Empire? How did the domination of India differ from that of Canada,
Australia and New Zealand?
It was the crown jewel of the Empire, it was their presence in Asia, it was a very profitable and lucrative colony; They didn’t get conquered through warfare, but through a slowly expanding economic institution, the BEIC, which slowly but surely expanded its influence over the Indian people
12. Explain the role of the Mughal Empire in India and how lost its influence over time. How did the British East India Company increase its