Learner Name: Abubakr Mohammed
[Type the document subtitle] | DELL

Table of Contents
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Task 1 (P5) Explain principals of superstructure design………………………………………………………………..4 A Low Rise Domestic Dwelling…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 A portal Frame…………….…………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………8 Task 2 (P6) Describe construction techniques…………..………………………………………………….…………………. 9
Timber Framed........................................................................................................................................................9 Steel
It sits on top of the substructure (Foundations) The four main principles of superstructure designs are
1. Weather Proofing
2. Security
3. Sound Proofing
4. Insulation

These principles are met through the elements that form a superstructure is formed of, these are;
1. Walls
2. Floors
3. Roofs
4. Stairs
5. Windows
6. Doors.

Walls

Most external wall are built by brick and block, each can be defined as wither high or low density classification. This information is obtained from the UK National Annex. It also provides specification guidance on other aspects such as;
Dimensions and tolerance
Configuration and format
Density
Compressive strength
Freeze/thaw resistance
Active soluble salts content
Durability designations
Water absorption
Reaction to fire
Bond strength
Clay engineering

Concrete Blocks
Concrete blocks have been used since the 1930’s; they are made from aggregates such as breeze and clinker. They are used mainly on the internal skin of cavity construction. Blocks are also used for internal load bearing walls and partitions. Internal block walls will be finished with plasterboard and a skim finish.
Cavity Construction
Most domestic dwellings are constructed in cavity construction and they must comply with building regulations. Cavity construction offers adequate resistance to the passage of heat energy. The ne legislations ensure that new buildings are energy efficient with added insulation and sustainable building products.
Cavities reduce excessive