Case Study 1: Martin
Martin, a behavior analyst, is working with Sara, a 14-year-old girl with severe developmental delays who exhibits self-injurious behavior (SIB). The self-injurious behaviors included pulling her hair, biting her arm and banging her head against the wall. After conducting a functional analysis, Martin decided to employ an intervention program consisting of differential reinforcement of other (DRO) desired behavior. Martin collected data on Sara's SIB before and during the intervention. Below is a depiction of the data that Martin collected:
Sara’s Frequency of SIB
BASELINE Occurrences
DRO Occurrences
22
5
25
5
27
3
26
2

Address the following questions, and complete the following
They acknowledge research that shows behavior modification procedures can lead to effective outcomes; a large number of single cases studies report treatment of severe behavioral problems (p. 336). However, they cite a key concern in behavior modification practices, particularly with the ABAB design. For example, according to Hastings and Noone, the emergence of behavior from the same response class could lead to another self-injury or problem behavior. In addition, treatment fidelity is an ethical concern related to the extent to which a program or measure is implicated accurately. Further, they cite a number of other ethical principles including using the least restrict measures when working with persons with disabilities. They assert that although punishment measures are not ruled out, the researcher is encouraged to select the most socially-valued outcome focused on three basic components: (a) the significance of the treatment, (b) the acceptability of the treat, and (c) the effectiveness. They assert that since the Behavior Analysts Certification Board (BAC B) that sets guidelines for responsible conduct of behavioral analysts are not clear; researchers and practitioners are to practice based on the understanding that the dignity of the participant(s) will be maintained

There may be an increase in the negative behavior. For