• Outline of Roman History
• A.) Etruscans (753-509 BC) o Governed by kings o Loose confederation o Roving Gangs o Language Unknown o Learned to write from phinisians o Rex
• Symbols of power and offices
• clothing of office o Religion
• Pantheism (entire universe was a living thing) and animism (belief that spirits dwell all things)
• Tagus (great prophet)
 sacred texts
• Haruspex
 All things in nature connected
 Placenza Liver
• B.) Early Republic (509-264 BC) o Struggle of the orders o secessions, seditio o The familia o Expansion into Italy
• C.) Middle Republic (264-133 BC) o The west, Carthage (Punic Wars) o The East, the successors of Alexander o New Ideas (Rome becomes involved in the affairs of Greece)
• Cato the censor
• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• E.) Empire (27 BC- AD 476) o Augustus*, res publica restitua
II. Roman “Constitution” during the Middle Republic
• A.) Mos Maiorum o Not Written o Imperium
• fasces o Collegiality of office (No office can be held by one person and no office can be held longer than one year)
• B.) Cursus Honorum o Quaestor (4-20) senate elect to this (young man learning how to be a soldier) o Aedile (2) o Praetor o Consul o Censor (2, 18 mo) o Dictator (Very rare) (1, 6 mo.)
• C.) How things were supposed to work o Voting assemblies
• Classis, one unit = one vote Based on wealth
• Tribunes of plebs- Could veto any law of action or senate
• Senate- made up of ex magistrates, purpose was