Week 5 Quiz Study Guide

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

1. Know the functions of the female reproductive system. The female reproductive system provides several functions. The ovaries produce the female egg cells, called the ova or oocytes. The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle. Once in the uterus the fertilized egg can implant into thickened uterine lining and continue to develop. If fertilization does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow. In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that maintain the reproductive cycle.

2. What are the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle? a. The follicular phase occurs early in your cycle. During this phase the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is increasing, causing your ovaries to mature the eggs. b. The ovulatory phase occurs in the middle of your cycle. Your estrogen levels rise rapidly from about day 10 until day 15, at which point it decreases again c. It is during this secretory phase that your endometrium, or uterine lining, builds. This lining will be the home of your new baby until birth, should pregnancy occur. d. The menstrual phase is just what it sounds like. If pregnancy has not occurred, the spot on your ovary where the last egg was released, called the corpus luteum, begins to die and your menstrual cycle begins. 3. What are the mammary glands?
Any of the milk-producing glands in female mammals, consisting of lobes containing clusters of alveoli with a system of ducts to convey the milk to an external nipple or teat. These glands typically occur in pairs and begin secreting milk when young are born. 4. What are the regions of the uterus?
The uterus has four major regions: the fundus is the broad, curved upper area in which the fallopian tubes connect to the uterus; the body, the main part of the uterus, starts directly below the level of the fallopian tubes and continues downward until the uterine walls and cavity begin to narrow; the isthmus is the lower, narrow neck region; and the lowest section, the cervix, extends downward from the isthmus until it opens into the vagina. The uterus is 6 to 8 cm (2.4 to 3.1 inches) long; its wall thickness is approximately 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 inches). The width of the organ varies; it is generally about 6 cm wide at the fundus and only half this distance at the isthmus. The uterine cavity opens into the vaginal cavity, and the two make up what is commonly known as the birth canal. 5. What is the connective canal between the cervix and the vulva (external genitalia) called?
The uterus connects through the cervical canal with the vagina. 6. When a female reaches puberty, how many oocytes does she have?
When a girl reaches puberty, only 300,000 eggs will remain in her ovaries.

7. What must occur for a zygote to be created?
Fertilization must occur.

8. What is the prepuce? The fold of skin surrounding the clitoris.

9. Know the function of the male reproductive system. To produce, maintain and transport sperm (the male reproductive cells) and protective fluid (semen) To discharge sperm within the female reproductive tract To produce and secrete male sex hormones 10. What are the male secondary sex characteristics?
1. Growth of body hair and facial hair
2. Increased muscle mass and strength
3. Growth of the testicles and penis; sperm production
4. Change in skeletal stature that is broadening chest, hips and enlargement of the voice box.
11. Where are male hormones produced? Male hormone is produced in the testes and in the outer layer of the adrenal glands

11. What is the function and purpose of the prostate gland? The prostate gland’s primary function is to