U.S vs. Soviet Union Space Race The U.S versus Soviet Union Space Race caused a rapid increase in worldwide technological advancement, but ended in the collapse of the Russian Government over all the money spent. The Space Race between the US and the Soviet Union was a mid to late 20th century competition for supremacy in outer space exploration. The Space Race started after World War II. It was originally a missile-based arms race that occurred just after the war ended, when both the Soviet Union and the United States captured advanced German rocket technology and personnel. It was motivated by the Cold War desire to display scientific and technological superiority. Besides displaying their technological superiority both nations were determined to come up with news and improved ways to spy on each other. The race involved pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, sub-orbital and orbital human spaceflight around the earth, and piloted voyages to the moon. Between 1957 and 1975 the ideological and technological rivalry between the two nations was focused on space exploration. The Space Race spared unprecedented increases in spending on education and research, which accelerated scientific advancements which led to additional spin-off technology. The Space Race can trace its origins to Nazi Germany in the 1930‘s when Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets, with a goal of reaching high altitudes and traveling long distances. The Germans ballistics head Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, put together a small team of engineers that included Walter Dornberger and Leo Zanssen, to figure out how to use rockets as long range artillery in order to sneak their way around the Treaty of Versailles ban on research development of long range cannons. Wernher Von Braun, a young engineer was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret army program held at Kummersdorf-West in 1932. This was a great opportunity for Von Braun because he already had dreams about conquering outer space. During the Second World War, Dornberger was the general and head of the army’s rocket program and Von Braun was the technical director of the ballistics missile program. This was a powerhouse team with lots of knowledge, which led them to build the first vehicle to reach outer space, the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket, during it’s test flight program in 1942 and 1943. Because of the rockets huge test flight success by 1943 Germany was mass producing the A-4 as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 (“Vengeance Weapon” 2, or more commonly the V2) This was a ballistic missile with a 200mi range carrying a 2,500lbs warhead at 2,500 mph. The V2’s supersonic speed meant there was no defense against it, and radar provided little warning. With the V2 Germany bombed southern England and Western Europe from 1944 to 1945. After the war the V2 became the early beginnings of the American and Soviet Rocket designs. American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs they were based on. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip recruiting Von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs. The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets. After Von Braun’s team captured the V2 rockets the next step was to find a training ground where their test could begin. In America, Von Braun and his team were sent to the United States Army’s White Sands Proving Ground, located in New Mexico in 1945. They began by assembling the captured V2’s and started a program of launching them and instructing American engineers in their operation. Some of the major accomplishments of the
Henley OBU Connections 10 December 2014 Antietam Research Paper The topic I chose is Antietam and the battle what happened there. The battle was a confrontation between the Union army led by General McClellan and the Confederate army led by General Lee. It was said to be the bloodiest battle of the Civil War. The Battle was fought at Sharpsburg between a total of 131,000 men. I chose Antietam because it’s the place where Thomas Phifer died. The Battle of Antietam was a major battle fought between the…
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest one day battle of the American Civil War which was from 18611865.It started on September 17,1862. The battle took place in northwestern Maryland. This battle is also called the battle of Sharpsburg, which is a nearby town. The Union General George B. McClellan led an army of about 90,000 troops and Confederate General Robert E. Lee led about 55,000 troops. After the battle President Abraham Lincoln pass the Emancipation Proclamation that led to the end of slavery in the…
AMEDD CAPTAINS CAREER COURSE GENERAL MCCLELLAN AND THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM SUBMITTED TO MR. KEN FRANK SMALL GROUP 7 MISSION COMMAND PAPER BY CPT CHRIS KOLBOSKY AMEDD CENTER AND SCHOOL, FT. SAM HOUSTON, TX 03 FEBRUARY 2014 INTRODUCTION Building a movement always challenges the status quo. Leaders must act, they must willingly risk the things they love and unfortunately, many leaders are frozen by the lethargy of indecision i. Union General George B. McClellan, who was meticulous in his…
The Battle of Antietam I. 10 Essential Facts 1. The Battle of Antietam was a two-day battle fought at Sharpsburg, Maryland 2. The Union had an army of 87,000 while the confederates had around 45,000 3. It still remains the single bloodiest day in American history, with around 23,000 casualties (Confederate: 11,000; Union: 12,000) 4. General Robert E. Lee led the confederate army, while General George McClellan led the union army 5. From a military standpoint, neither side “won”, but the union…
Indians were killed by the Europeans and their allies, most of the victims being the elderly, women, and children. This massacre was a massive turning point in the Pequot War, effectively ruining the tribe. Already weakened by disease and by competing native tribes, the Pequot were quickly routed and by September 21, 1638 the war ended with the Treaty of Hartford. The treaty…
American Mexican War. The Confederates stopped to Union from capturing their capitol (Richmond). By 1863, Lee was ready to invade the North and march toward DC the Union’s capitol. The Anaconda plan was due to surrounding the Mississippi and cutSouthern supply line. The Civil War was more than just a war. It pitted brother against brother. Soldiers came from every regions, most of them from farms. North Strategies from (General Winfield Scot, hero of Mexican War): blockade Southern…
Civil War Background In the mid-19th century, while the United States was experiencing an era of tremendous growth, a fundamental economic difference existed between the country's northern and southern regions. While in the North, manufacturing and industry was well established, and agriculture was mostly limited to small-scale farms, the South's economy was based on a system of large-scale farming that depended on the labor of black slaves to grow certain crops, especially cotton and tobacco. Growing…
Morales January 23, 2012 Period 2 Kalayjian Historical Research Essay: Abraham Lincoln- Emancipation Proclamation As the glowing sun set over the bloody fields of Antietam, the Civil War became a different War. Five days after the battle at Antietam was won, armed with pen and paper, Abraham Lincoln changed the war when he issued, one of the most important and controversial documents in America history, the Emancipation Proclamation. Congress and the northern states were urging emancipation…
---critics wanted to remove him but lincoln refused ---Vicksburg and Chattanooga, Lincoln made Grant general in chief of all Union armies ---campaign against Petersburg and Richmond forced the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, ending the war -William T. Sherman ---served bravely at Shiloh and made his reputation leading a division in Ulysses S. Grant's army during the Vicksburg and Chattanooga campaigns. ---Sherman led some 100,000 forces against Atlanta and captured the city ---March to…
Civil war 1861-1865 (3 years) The war to end slavery Long Term Causes: Slavery was becoming a huge issue. Several compromises had been made but now compromises would not work. North wanted no slavery, south wanted slavery. The south breaks off from the Union Immediate Cause: Abraham Lincon elected, outh succeeds, Ft. Sumter. Major Battles: Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, Sherman's March to the Sea, Battle at Gettysburg, Picket's Charge. Turning point: Battle of Antietam Treaty: No…