Educational Psychology Essay Topic 5: Explain the Vygotskian notion of the zone of proximal development. Evaluate the efficacy of approaches to teaching and learning [eg. reciprocal teaching, cognitive apprenticeships, and communities of learners] which incorporate this notion.
Many theorists throughout the century have developed concepts that have analysed and explained how a child learns during their schooling years. Educational theorist Lev Vygotsky produced the social development theory of learning. He believed social interaction is the primary cause of cognitive development. He named this the zone of proximal development. There are many approaches to learning in the zone of proximal development such as scaffolding, reciprocal There is a creation of dialogue between student and teachers that goes beyond answering questions and engages in the discourse more informally (Driscoll, 1994). Communication is important between master and apprentice and the teacher must learn to properly use proxemics, paralanguage, and kinesics right for the outcomes to be reached. The performances required of the learner are real and important and grow more complex as the learner becomes more competent (Collins, Brown, & Holum, 1991).
Some academics believe that knowledge and skills learned in school have become separated from the everyday world. To compensate for this, many schools have adopted many of the features of apprenticeships. Apprenticeships in schools would focus on cognitive objectives such as reading, writing, problem solving and mathematical problems. There are six main features of cognitive apprenticeships: 1. Students observe an expert model the performance 2. Students get external support through coaching or tutoring 3. Students receive conceptual scaffolding, which is then gradually faded as the student becomes more competent and proficient 4. Students continually articulate their knowledge – putting into words their understanding of the processes and content being learned. 5. Students reflect on their progress, comparing their problem solving to an expert’s performance and to their own earlier performances 6.
Mentoring At-Risk Youth Tiffany Capella Kaplan University CM220-08 There is an old African proverb that states "it takes a village to raise a child." an idea that raising a child, teenage or young adult is a responsibility not only subjected to the child's parents. The "village" or in this case "society" should also feel a sense of responsibility towards the child with the understanding that their input or involvement will forever leave a lasting imprint on their lives.…
Piaget v Vygotsky Cognitive development is the term used to describe the construction of thought process, including remembering, problem solving and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. In this essay I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, both of which were enormously significant contributors to the cognitive development component to/in psychology. In addition to this I will also weigh up the strengths and weaknesses of each theory and outline…
Mentoring At-Risk Youth Tiffany Capella Kaplan University CM220-08 There is an old African proverb that states "it takes a village to raise a child." an idea that raising a child, teenage or young adult is a responsibility not only subjected to the child's parents. The "village" or in this case "society" should also feel a sense of responsibility towards the child with the understanding that their input or involvement will forever leave a lasting imprint on their lives.…
attention, memory and problem solving. In this essay on cognitive development I will compare and contrast the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky, who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analysing the cognitive development process of the child active construction of knowledge. (Flanagan 1996 P.72). I will then go onto evaluate the usefulness of these theories in understanding a child's development. Both Piaget and Vygotsky agreed that children's cognitive development took…
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) According to Simply Psychology, Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist, born the first child on August 9, 1896 to Rebecca Jackson Piaget in Neuchatel. His mother was intelligent, energetic, and kind but had a neurotic temperament that made family life a struggle. His father was a historian named Arthur Piaget, and influenced him to be driven, often choosing studies over recreation. Piaget was forced to grow up fast. When Piaget was only eleven, his notes on a rare albino…
were all of a different price; the subjects then filled out a questionnaire about the three bowls of ice cream with just the knowledge of its’ price and how it tasted. Lev Vygotsky grew up in Russia in 1896. Even though he graduated from law school, he chose to not make law his profession, and instead became a teacher. Vygotsky was a firm supporter of the Russian Revolution, and wrote an article in 1930, “The Socialist Alteration of Man.” In this book, he stated his opinion on how a transformation…
Grace Collette Professor Todoroff English 101 Lev Vygotsky was born in Orsha Russia in 1896. His family was middle class and Jewish, those two things shaped lots of Vygotskys views and choices. Vygotskys early education took place in Gomel, he was entered into public school and given private tutoring. He entered the Moscow University in 1913 to study law. The reason for law was that it was one of the few professions that allowed Jews to live outside of government restricted areas in Russia at…
theorists that have ideas, charts, and graphs about how a child develops. Many are used today to determine when a child is mature, when they can feel emotion, and other important factors to which there are no strict textbook answers for. Piaget and Vygotsky are two theorists that offer theoretical perspectives on how a child develops. 2. Piaget's Constructivist Theory of Cognitive Development: Piaget had a phrase that said "Assimilation and Accommodation lead to Adaptation." Assimilation is when…
education. Vygotsky felt that students use society interpersonally and then internalizes the experience that they have with others. Vygotsky believed that social interactions played a substantial role in children being involved in their own learning. Children seek to understand a concept by learning from others who are more skillful than themselves. By observing others, they are able to imitate the other individual’s actions and self-regulate their process in understanding the concept. Vygotsky also believed…
“A head taller than oneself”: An assessment of the teaching theories of Lev Vygotsky Outline of theorist and their theories. Lev Vygotsky was a social theorist whose educational psychology theories have been employed as the basis for many teaching practices. As a Jew born in 1896 and living through the Russian Revolution before his death in 1936, Vygotsky was influenced largely by his own Marxist and Socialist beliefs. Vygotsky’s central ideas were based on individual development through a social…