CHAPTER 3: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION

3.1 Introduction to Solar Energy
Solar energy is gets by the radiation of the sun. Solar energy is available on the earth continuously and in abundant manner. Solar energy is freely available in the nature. It doesn’t produce any gases and it is pollution free. It is free of cost and has low maintenance cost. Only problem with solar panel, it cannot produce energy in bad weather and climate condition. But it has greater efficiency than other energy resources available in the nature. It only need initial investment, it has long life span and lower emission. The sun is the primary source of almost all the energy used on earth. The earth receives a stock ring amount of energy from the sun,
Solar Panels made from photovoltaic cells ( PV). Simply broken-down photo means light and voltaic related to the production of electricity. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology enables the creation of electricity using light intensity. PV cells have at least two layers of semiconductors, one that's positively charged, and one is negatively charged. When the light shines on the semiconductor material the electric field across the junction between these two layers causes electric current to flow. The greater the intensity of light the stronger the electricity flow will be. The light that hits the panels is converted into clean electricity. This is a silent operation here because there are no moving parts. The electricity generated by the panels comes in the form of a direct current. By installing an inverter, it is converted into
Mono-crystalline cells are obtained from pseudo-square silicon wafers, substrates cut from boules grown by the Czochralski process, the float-zone method, ribbon growth, or other emerging methods. Multi-crystalline silicon solar cells are traditionally made from square silicon substrates cut from ingots cast in quartz crucibles Crystalline silicon cells are made from thin slices cut from a single crystal of silicon (mono-crystalline) or from a block of silicon crystals (polycrystalline). Now a days the CST is the most common technology representing about 90 percentage in the market. Its efficiency ranges between 15% and 23%. Two main types of crystalline cells can be