Intro into Sociology
January 16th 2015
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Earliest Sociologist
Question he had: What holds society together? What creates social order instead of anarchy or chaos? What cause society to change?
Little bit ambitious of sociology and would take the place of religion.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1817)
French and grew up in a Jewish family
Tried to legitimize sociology as an academic field
Studied Suicide and why some group of people have higher rate of them instead of other
Causes of Suicide
1. Depression
2. Stress
3. Anxiety
4. Illness
Emile found that Protestant has higher rate of suicide than Catholics
Questions: What are the sources of order and stability in society?
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Interest in understanding the economy
Very involved in politics but flee from France and exiled in England
Conflict Theory: Believes in center of every society is a conflict
Conflict between the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat Bourgeoisie- Owners of the means of productions Proletariat- Exploited workers who sell their labor
Max Weber (1864-1920)
Disagree with Karl Marx
Saw religion as another influence and historical change in society
Looking how Capitalism emerge
Financial Success: One of the looks that people think they were going to be save on judgment day.
Origins of American Sociology
The University of Chicago
George Herbert Mead
Racism and Sexism in Sociology
All sociology so far was written in white man’s point of view and expected everyone to see what they see.
Jane Addams (1860)-1935)
Very active in Chicago
Tried to teach people who didn’t have access into the university
W.E.B DuBois (1836-1963)
First African American Sociologist
Not allow to eat or share room with white sociologist due to the racism during that time period
Founded the NAACP and is still active even today.
Theoretical Paradigms
Paradigms are models or frameworks of the world.
Ways or different view on the world even though we are looking at the same thing.
3 different Paradigms
1. Functionalist Paradigms- Associated with Durkheim: Equilibrium.
Focus on relationship among the parts of society
How these parts are functional or dysfunctional
Believe there is consensus about what norms & value are important.
2. Conflict Paradigms
Associate with Karl Marx
Always a completion for scarce resources in society
Do not believe that people are in a state of consensus
How elites use their power to control less powerful group.
3. Symbolic Interactionism Paradigm
Associate George Herbert Mead, Charles Cooley and Herbert Bulmer
January 21st, 2015
Scientific Approach vs Ordinary Observation
What errors do we often make using Ordinary Observation?
Inaccurate Observation- Tend to use semiconscious and passive observation rather than conscious observation.
Overgeneralization- Tend to look for patterns around us and assume that a few similar events provide evidence of a general pattern.
Selective Observation- Tend to look for future events and situation that fit our prior understanding of a pattern r generalization and ignore those that do not fit.
Resistance to change- We may be reluctant to reevaluate our views even in light of new information.
Key things in a Scientific Approach: Observation, Generalization from our observation, Reasoning about the connections between different things we’ve observed, Reevaluating our understanding of the world based on the observation.
How Can we Evaluate Our Work?
Validity
Reliability
Generalizability
2 types of method Sociologist use to collect data
1. Quantitative Methods- Attempt to measure behavior by quantifying it.
Experiment (tries to measure cause/effect in a controlled environment)
Surveys (ask large groups of people a series of questions about behavior and attitudes)
2. Qualitative Methods- Attempt to get a deep detailed view of people’s lives (usually in their natural settings)
Observation/Ethnography (The researcher intensively studies the behavior of individuals in their usual social
Graded C 2.000 POSC 100 American Government 3.00 Undergrad Graded D 3.000 SOCI 101 Introduction to Sociology 3.00 Undergrad Graded D 3.000 Fall 1995 COUN 252 Career Exploratn & Life Plng 3.00 Undergrad Graded C 6.000 MATH 30A Intermediate Algebra-ILE 3.00 Remediation CR POSC 100 American Government 3.00 Undergrad Graded D 3.000 SOCI 101 Introduction to Sociology 3.00 Undergrad Graded D 3.000 SPCH 100 Intro To Human Comm 3.00 Undergrad Graded C 6.000 Spring…
1 Chapter 1 Notes Origins of Sociology ● 9000 B.C. Domestication of Plants ○ Abundant stable food supply. ○ Stable settlements and eventually cities. ○ Food Surplus brought conflict and social stratification. ● Industrialization move to cities in 17th and 18th Century social philosophers. ○ Sociology emerged in response to the intellectual ferment and confusion. ● Two factors that supported the development of sociology. ○ Examples of natural sciences. ○ Exposure of Europe to different societies through colonial expansion…
word meaning “without norms.” Durkheim was not the first to use the term, nor did he develop the concept as did extensively did the American sociologist Robert K. Merton. But Durkheim was responsible for making the concept an integral part of sociology and criminology. He believed that one of society’s most important elements is its social cohesion, or social solidarity, which represents a collective conscience. In explaining this phenomenon, Durkheim defined two types of solidarity, mechanical…
This theory is optimistic about the future: it is ahistorical and merely praises the status quo - (present conditions) Perhaps this is why it is loved by the rulers of our countries Dear Jesus Meaning of Sociology : scientific stydy of Human Sociology and Social Behavior sociology uses scientific Method: 7 steps involved in scientific method. 1) observation, 2) formulation of problem 3) collection of data 4) analysis and classification of data 5) generalization 6) formulation testing…
Chapter 8 Social Stratification: a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. a. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences. Example: Is not that rich people like BMW more than poor people. b. Social stratification carries over from generation to generation. Most people stay in the same social position as their parents. c. Social stratification is universal but variable. Distance between individuals may very but…
Deviance: violation of a social norm that elicits a negative reaction Norms: rules that govern our behavior Tell us what we are supposed to do and what we are not supposed to do Folkways: less serious norms (etiquette) Say please and thank you, hold the door open for people etc. Elevator example Mores: morals, violation of them makes people think you’re bad Sometimes they are formalized into law Homicide Murder: law determines what’s murder Varies from state to state Taboos:…
See written notes for first 2 slides. Culture shock Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life Happens in our own communities as we confront people of other cultures See pg 38 Confronting the Yanomano and Horace Minors Nacirema Only humans depend on culture rather than instincts to ensure the survival of their kind Elements of culture 4 COMMON ELEMENTS Symbols Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture Human capacity…
Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Lancehomework@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: ( http://homeworklance.com/ ) SOC 300 Week 4 Assignment 1 The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Sociology – General Sociology Assignment 1: The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Write Write a three to four (3-4) page research paper in which you: Assess the positive and negative effects that peace and war, respectively, have on the distribution of foreign…
to how sociology came to be and the many invisible factors effecting human behavior or thought. It interests me to know that not only has certain historical events changed sociology as a whole (such as the industrial revolution), but factors such as the microwave or even how diamonds have altered the society's means of interacting. Another main point from the first chapter is that sociology can be broken down into two divisions: macrosociology and microsociology. It's also important to note that there…
different cultures. Sociology contributes to our understanding of human behavior through the teaching that our culture and society is not the only one and each aspect of our lives varies from culture to culture. 2. Sociology emerged as a science in the middle of the 19th century in Europe due to the idea that the scientific method be applied to studying societies in order to find answers to the question of what holds society together. 3. Many contributions were made to sociology by a number of people…