Chapter 1 1. Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? a. evolutionary adaptations, energy processing, responding to the environment, and growth and reproduction 2. Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? b. Molecule, cell, organ, organ system, population, community, ecosystem 3. The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes: c. The flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients 4. The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the d. Cell-for example, a skin cell 5. Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? e. Bacteria 6. Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of f. Positive feedback 7. Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? g. Bacteria and Archaea 8. Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive? h. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 9. A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single-celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? i. Archaea 10. When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result, blood glucose level declines. When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a result, blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result of j. Negative feedback 11. Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? k. Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor. 12. What is a hypothesis? l. A tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable (an educated guess) 13. Systems biology is an attempt to m. Construct models of the behavior of entire biological systems 14. Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because n. Protists have a membrane-bound nucleus, which bacteria cells lack. 15. Write out three parts of the cell theory o. All living things have cells p. All cells come from preexisting cells q. Cells are the smallest basic units of life 16. What is the relationship between DNA and genes? r. Genes make up the information in DNA.
Chapter 2 17. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? s. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen 18. Trace elements are those required by an organism in only minute quantities. Which of the following is a trace element that is required by humans and other vertebrateS? t. Iodine 19. The mass number of an element can be easily approximated by adding together the number of ___________ in an atom of that element. u. Protons and neutrons 20. Each element is unique and different from other elements because of the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms. Which of the following indicates the number of protons in an atoms nucleus? v. Atomic number 21. What is the approximate atomic mas of an atom with 18 neutrons, 22 protons, and 22 electrons? w. 40 Daltons 22. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 14. Therefore, a nitrogen atom must have x. 7 protons 23. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the atoms described