Period: 2
Subject: Science
Teacher: Ms. Eugenio

PT1: CHEMISTRY
ATOMS, ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS

CHAPTER 4: PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS & COMPOUNDS
PG 139: STUDYING MATTER

THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
2. Each pure substance has its own kind of particle
3. Particles are always moving
4. Particles attract each other
5. Particles move faster at higher temperature

HOW TO SEPERATE MIXTURES
1. A filter can be used to separate solids from liquids or gases
2. Distillation can be used to separate liquid in a mixture, based on boiling point
3. A magnet will attract iron and steel objects and leave other objects behind

It is important to find a good balance between advantages & disadvantages that are associated with the use, production, and disposal of chemicals. (PG145)

SECTION 4.1 REVIEWS
Meanings of the safety icons + WHMIS symbols
Matter can be classified according to its composition as mixtures or pure substances
Element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simply substances through physical or chemical methods
Compound is a pure substance that is composed of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Production and use of new chemicals can have both negative and positive consequences

PG 149: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

A property is used to describe matter. In a physical change, the substance that is involved stays the same even though its form or state may change.
EX. Texture, colour, smell, melting point.

A qualitative physical property can be described without detailed measurement.
Property
Examples
Colour
Odour
State
Texture
Lustre
Malleability
Colourless, red, black
Sweet, pungent, mouldy
Solid, liquid, or gas
Rough, smooth, bumpy
Shiny, dull
Soft, pliable, hard
A quantitative physical property can be measured and assigned a particular value.
Property
Examples
Viscosity
Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility
Hardness
Conductivity
Density
Resistance to flow
Temperature of melting
Temperature of boiling
Ability to dissolve in another substance
Ability to scratch another material
Ability to conduct electricity or heat
Ratio of mass to volume
Hardness – the ability of a substance to be scratched Mohs scale is used to assign a number from 1 to 10 EX. Diamonds have a rating of 10
Density – the mass of a substance that occupies a certain volume Can refer to both solids & liquids Units referred to as g/cm3 EX. What is the density of a liquid if 95.9cm3 has a mass of 101g? The density of the liquid is approximately 1.05g/cm3

SECTION 4.2 REVIEWS
Physical property of an element or a compound can be observed without a change to the substance
Qualitative physical properties: colour, odour, texture, lustre, & malleability
Quantitative physical properties: viscosity, melting point, boiling point, solubility, hardness, conductivity & density
Density can be calculated by dividing mass of a substance by its volume
Diamonds are valuable as gemstones because they have high lustre, are transparent, and refract light brilliantly
Unique properties of water include a solid state that is less dense than its liquid state, the ability to absorb a large amount of heat, and the ability to dissolve numerous essential chemicals and nutrients
PG 160: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

A chemical property is the ability of a substance to change (react) and form new substances
Combustibility: the ability of a substance to burn in air
Stability: the ability of a substance to remain unchanged
Toxicity: the ability of a substance to cause harmful effects in plants and animals

SECTION 4.3 REVIEWS
Chemical properties of a substance include reactivity with combustibility, stability, toxicity and other substances
Chemical properties of peroxide make it useful in hair dye
Stability and toxicity of a substance may influence its