Chapter 16- Therapies

Treating psychological disorders
Biomedical therapies –offers medications or biological treatments
Psychotherapy- uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth
Some therapists combine techniques
Psychoanalysis
Goals-bring the patients repressed or disowned feelings into conscious awareness. Giving them insight to the origins of their disorder. Reduce growth impeding inner conflicts.
Techniques
Free association – saying whatever comes to mind the mental blocks indicate resistance. Hint that anxiety lurks and you are defending against sensitive material. Therapist will provide insight to the meaning therapist will provide an interpretation feeling negative or positive feelings towards the therapist – transferring your feelings exposing those feelings may give insight into your current relationships meet several times a week, see the therapist for years \

psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretations of them— released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self - insight. resistance in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety- laden material.

Interpretation in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings,
Resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
Transference in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Psychodynamic therapy – therapists try to understand their current symptoms . Focus on themes, important relationships, childhood relationships.
Meeting twice a week
Therapists reveal past relationship troubles as the origin of difficulties
Interpersonal psychotherapy – treats depression
Relief symptoms in the here and now , focus primarily on current relationships and on helping them prove their relationship skills. Humanistic Therapies emphasizes peoples potential for self fulfillment . Help people grow awareness and self-acceptance. Attempt to reduce growth impeding inner conflicts by providing clients with new insights
Clients rather than patients
Present and future are more important than the past
Carl Rogers client centered therapy – focuses on the persons conscious self perceptions. Therapists listen without judging or interpreting.
Active listening, echoing, restating and seeking clarification of what a person expresses and acknowledging the expressed feelings
Give nonjudgmental, grace-filled environment that provides unconditional positive regards

Behavioral therapies
-Behavior is the problem and application of learning principles can eliminate them. They view maladaptive symptoms such as phobias or sexual disorders

Classical conditioning techniques
Ian pavlocs – we learn emotions and behaviors through classical conditioning
Counterconditioning-pairs trigger stimulus that is incompatible. Exposure therapy and aversive conditioning

Exposure therapies- Mary Cover jones and Peter with the rabbit
Joseph Wolpe refined Jones is technique to exposure therapies, which expose people to what they would normally avoid (behaviors that are reinforced reduce anxiety). Face their fear.
Systematic desensitization – relaxed when facing anxiety-provoking stimuli, you can gradually eliminate stimuli

Aversive conditioning
-Goal is to substitute a positive (relaxed) response for a negative (fearful) response to harmless stimulus.
-Associates the unwanted behavior with unpleasant feelings. Ex, placing antiabuse in alcohol for alcoholics, which will cause serve nausea.

Operant conditioning
- Voluntary behaviors are strongly influence by their consequences
Behavior modification –reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired