OLD TESTAMENT

What is the Old Testament/ Hebrew Bible
Canon
Reed
Measure
List
Christian meaning: “A canon is the closed list of books that was officially accepted retrospectively by a community as supremely authoritative and binding for religious practice and doctrine” Flint and Vanderkam
Hebrew Bible aka TaNaKh
Torah books of moses (TA)
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Nevi’im/ former prophets (NA)
Continue chronology of the Torah
Begin after Death of Moses (Joshua his successor)
Joshua
Judges
Samuel
Kings
Nev’im/ Latter prophets
Major Prophet
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Ezekiel
Minor Prophets
The books of twelve
Hosea through Malachi
Prophets links historical narratives with prophecy (more straightforward)
Khetuvium/ Writings (KH)
Modern scholars identify as Historical Fiction
Ruth
Ester
Daniel
Variety of books from different genres
Poetical Books
Psalms
Proverbs
Job
SONGS OF SOLOMON
Lamentations
Ecclesiastes
Catholic Bible
Has Some Text in Greek
Pentateuch (law)
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Historical books
Joshua judges
Ruth
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
1 Kings
2 Kings
1 Chronicles CHRONICLES AND KINGS PARALLELS
2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Tobit
Protestant BIBLE
PENTATEUCH SAME
HISTORICAL BOOK SAME EXCEPT DON’T HAVE TOBIT
HAS JUDITH
Criteria used in Canon
Date
Written before 4th Century BCE
Language
Had to be written in Hebrew
Extent of Use
Effects order of books
CHRONICLES begins based off of building of temples
Ends off of building of second temple
Right before Jewish canon was written second temple was destroyed
Order of text extremely significant
Catholic canon and Jewish canon different
Order DOES matters
Macabees- tells jewish story of hanakah
Macabees only in catholic bible
Jewish people read the Hebrew bible because Old Testament means that there has to be a New Testament
WHY HEBREW?
Thought that is what GOD spoke
Word of GOD written by Moses
Inspired by GOD
Moses as author
Ancient Translations/Versions of Old Testament
Masoretic Text
Hebrew
Manuscripts ca. 8th c. CE
Proto-versions ca 6th BCE- 1ST CE
Septuagint
Greek
Ca. 3rd-2nd c. BCE
Vulgate
Latin
Translation of Hebrew Bible (390-405 CE) by Jerome
Some word used to mean different things
Elizabethian English thee= you, prevent= come before you
Hebrew Bible gender inclusive language to take the place of words like “it”
FND BRD
Hebrew doesn’t have vowels
Ex don’t mix milk and meat
Or don’t mix fat and meat
Class 2
Noah and the Flood
The number and type of animals
2 of every kind both male and female
7 pair of clean and 1 pair of unclean
The number of Days
150 days the flood lasted
40 days and 40 nights
The method of flooding
Open the heavens and fountains of the deep
RAIN
The name of the deity
God
ELOHIM in Hebrew
Lord God YHWH (Yahweh)
God is title the Lord is also a title for Yahweh
Lord said since many believe not ok to write the name Yahweh out of respect
Anything else that you find of interest
PURPOSE THIS PART OF GENESIS SHOWS GOD IS POWERFUL
NOT SUPPOSED TO BE HISTORICAL SINCE DETAILS CONTRADICT
Type Scene
Outline of a storyline that occurs multiple times
Type scene used for reader to focus on the difference of the type scenes
Different people names etc.
Ex. Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah
Class 3
Deuteronomy 31:24-26 emphasis on Matthew 22:24
Quotes Moses believing that Moses wrote Deuteronomy
Rabi Ebin Nezra
First to realize that certain lines that could not have been written by Moses
Caananites Story
Moses died before they kicked the caananites out
Why would he have to write the caananites are at the land, if cant see the future
17th century
Thomas Spinoza
18th century

burned all books and ex communicated
John Astruct
Yahwee and aloheem
Found different style of writing
After a while human creation of the Biblical Text took sway in scholarly circles
Critical Approaches to Studying