Obesity Literature review

I. Introduction

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse affect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy. Child obesity has been increasing dramatically and it has become one of the most common chronic conditions for youngsters and it's accompanied by several psychological effects. As for the children it might lead to being isolated and having peer problems and sense of discrimination from non obese children.
Moreover, studies show that the percentage of obese children differs from country to another; as in the united states it has been estimated that the percentage of obese children and teenagers is between 20 and 27%, while in
Instruments used were: " Invicta Portable Rigid Stadiometer"; which measured the height of the participants, "Tanita Model 1597 Digital Scales"; measured the children's weight, "Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ PF50)" provided reports about the children's health condition, and "The Self Esteem Scale"; a six item scale asked the parents about their opinions of the children's abilities in school, sports and relationship with their friends. After the measurement of the children's weights and heights, the parents provided the children's date of birth to calculate their exact age to be used by the BMI transformation, and then they answered the questionnaires of (CHQ PF50), and the questions of "The Self Esteem Scale". The results showed that the median self esteem of the obese children and overweight children at baseline (p=0.008), was lower than the non obese children, while the non obese children with low baseline self esteem, were more likely be overweight or obese. The practical implication was that inference to lower obesity in children's early school years might include strategies to improve self esteem, along with the right promotion of healthy nutrition and the importance of physical activity. Also the results showed that 8.8% of the