PERSONALITY AND EMOTIONS

Personality:
Defined: stable feelings, thoughts and behavior patterns (determined by heredity, environment, situation)
Traits: characteristic pattern of behavior
Types: collection of traits – simpler, more intuitive, less precise, less valuable for research and testing
Type A’s: do things rapidly, impatient, multitasking, can’t cope with leisure time, measure success in term of how many things acquired
Type B’s: never suffer from a sense of time urgency, no need to display/discuss their achievements, play for fun and relaxation, not exhibit superiority, can relax without guilt
Emotion: a short, intense feeling resulted from some event – an overt reaction expressing feelings

MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR: THE BASIC MODEL
EI (Extraversion/Introversion)
Primary focus on outer or inner world
SN (Sensing/Intuitive)
Preferred type of perception
TF (Thinking/Feeling)
Preferred type of judgment
JP (Judgment/Perception)
Preference between P and J in dealing with outer world
Cognitive skills test are better predictors of performance, while personality tests are useful for development of existing employees (moderate correlation between personality and performance, self-report bias)

THE “BIG FIVE” PERSONALITY TRAITS
Openness
Curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas
Conscientiousness
Organized, systematic, punctual, achievement oriented & dependable
Extraversion
Outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys being social situations
Agreeableness
Nice, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm
Neuroticism
Calm, self-confident, secure under stress (low), vs. nervous, depressed (high)

OTHER PERSONALITY TRAITS
Locus of control
Internal (person control their own destiny, what happens to them is their own doing) vs external (things happen because of other people, luck, etc)
Self-efficacy
Believe one can perform a task successfully (related to job performance)
Self-esteem
The degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about oneself
Affectivity
Positive (experience positive mood more frequently) vs Negative
Self-monitoring
Ability to monitor their actions and appearances in social situations
Proactive personality tend to fix what is wrong, change status quo, use initiative to solve problems

VALUES AND EMOTIONAL INTELLEGENCE

Organization Fit vs Job Fit (person’s values, personality, goals and other characteristics match those of organization vs person’s skill, knowledge, ability and other characteristics match the job demands)

Values: stable life goals that people have, reflecting what is most important to them
Terminal – End states people desire in life (happy life, sense of accomplishment, wisdom, etc.)
Instrumental – preferred means/behaviors for achieving terminal values (polite, clean, helpful)
Espoused – represent the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization
Enacted – reflect the values & norms that actually are exhibited/converted into employee behavior

Emotional Intelligence: effective leaders vs. ineffective leaders (EI = ability to use IQ-related skills better)
Self-awareness – know one’s strength, weakness, values and impacts on others
Can speak accurately and openly about strengths and weaknesses,
Not just know, but can adjust actions & reactions accordingly
Self-regulation – ongoing inner conversation
Competitive advantage (better able to respond if not controlled by emotions)
Help create an environment of trust and fairness (trick-down effect)
Enhances integrity (high impulse control)
Motivation – passion for work itself, not just external incentives, relish achievement for its own sake
Restless with status quo, curious about alternatives, raising performance bar and keeping score
Optimism/internal locus of control allow motivated leaders to persist
Empathy – understanding and acknowledging others’ feelings
Increase important in business (used of team,