19th century and that their justification for temporarily leaving the private sphere was, “because women were pure and virtuous, and because it was their duty to protect their homes and families from corrupt male politics….”4 In assisting troubled youth and the poor, women were still fulfilling their maternal roles, but this time, to society as a whole. Clapp argues that women were the dominant driving force behind establishing juvenile courts in several states during the Progressive Era. Mothers…
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