1.)

Ethics is definitely an important role in decision making, especially today, when the media is out there ready to blow everything out of proportion. Any little unethical decision you make can eventually show up on the internet or the news and could cost you your job. Leaders, managers, and organizations in general should definitely base their decisions ethically not just to save themselves from undergoing any scrutiny by the media or society as a whole, but to save any employees from being fired. Many businesses are desperate to make a higher revenue that they don’t care who gets harmed in the process.
These organizations should be evaluated on their decisions, to see whether or not they are making the right choices. Companies shouldn’t be greedy and dismiss employees just because they want to make more money. In the book Essentials of Organizational Behavior, utilitarianism is described as decisions that are made “solely on the basis of their outcomes or consequences.” This can be a bad thing mainly because making a company successful could involve hurting many people in the process, which a lot of these managers and leaders tend to overlook just so they can accomplish the organization’s goals or interests. However it also has its advantages it promotes efficiency and productivity.

2.)

Situation #1
The stakeholders in this situation would be me as the middle manager and the representative as well. The worst consequence that can arrive from this would be getting fired and losing your credibility as an organization as a whole and you as an individual. The representative is offering a lot at a very little cost. Assuming everything is managed secretly and no one gets caught then the benefits are great, however if either party is investigated, then in my opinion you lose more than you were to gain.

B.)
The employer didn’t approve of this payoff, which means that it isn’t ethical to go behind the employers back and do decisions on your own. This all of the sudden makes business between both parties a secretive transaction and could lead the employer to lose his/her trust in their representative. They’re lucky if they don’t get fired.

C.)
In this situation doing the unethical thing is way more risky than if you were to proceed in doing it ethically. I guess the only loss in this situation if you were to do everything ethically would be the loss of a client, which can still be upsetting but it’s better than losing your career.

Situation #2

A.) The key stakeholders in this situation would be my colleagues. If they actually spend less on certain days, they still however end up submitting a higher reimbursement request, which is a minor case of fraud. If they were to be discovered, then they could lose ever being promoted due to the loss of trust between the employee and the boss. Also if they were to get dismissed from the job then they would have a bad record and it would make finding another job really difficult.

B.) The business automatically believes everyone and takes everyone’s word without questioning it. This gives the employees opportunities to be untrustworthy because you are making it easy for them to do so. If they were to request receipts then they would have proof of these expenses and they would not have to deal with unreliable employees. It’s the organizations fault but still the employees need to be reliable no matter what, so they don’t have to deal with the consequences if they are ever discovered.

C.) The only other alternative that these colleagues have, is basically just being honest and document the correct amount for their expenses. Lying may get you more money in the