winlogon.exe, msgina.dll) convert the plaintext password to its password hash equivalent. A good password hash outputs a unique, consistent value for a given password. No two passwords should result in the same output hash. A good password hash also makes converting from the hash back to the original plaintext non-trivial for someone who doesn't know the original password. Some password hashes, but not Windows', add a random seed value, called a salt, to the hash to ensure that no two passwords produce…
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