2.0 Literature Review
2.0.1 Social media
In this century, social media sites are quickly becoming one of the most popular mediums for social interaction and information exchange and social networking (Hughesa et al., 2012). Social media is part of everyone’s life and has grown significantly and became popular irrespective of age, gender and ethnicity. As argued by Raacke (2010), social media is not only a medium to keep in touch with our close and loved ones, but, also provides them with opportunities to make new social connections.

Among many social media sites, Facebook is one of the most popular social media in many countries and regions. According to Pempek et al., (2009) the Facebook was developed in 2004 by the founder to enable
This study was backed by Junco (2011) providing the evidence that time spent on Facebook was significantly negatively related to overall Grade Point Average, however, only weakly related to time spent preparing for class; additionally, Facebook users reported studying fewer hours per week than non-users. However, Rouis, Limayem, and Salehi-Sangari (2011) argued that an extensive presence on Facebook prohibits students from focusing appropriately on the academic task, therefore negatively affecting the academic performance. As such this study considered Grade Point Average as the outcome or the dependent variable. The amount of time that students spend engaged in academic work is highly related to academic success (Chickering & Gamson, 1987). This study predicted that number of Facebook friend list has positive relation with the time spent on Facebook, it is logical to think that more friends on Facebook would signify socializing nature of oneself, therefore spending more time on the Facebook. Facebook experience is a measure of how long that the students have used Facebook. The female students reported having significantly more friends than males (Pempek et al., 2009). The possible explanation is that female students did not differ in their willingness to initiate friendships with both sexes: either with male students or female students (Wang et al.,
The conceptual framework as illustrated in figure 1 below assumed that the time spent on Facebook (TSF) causes lower Grade Point Average (GPA) for the students and several other concepts such as: time spent on study (TSS), Facebook friend list (FFL), frequency of checking Facebook (FCF), Facebook experience (FE) and female students (FS) have been logically framed with clear presumed relationships with direction of causality. The positive and negative relationships amongst different concepts or variables are explained with plus or