control nobles separate militias. When he died his son Louis XI improved upon his father’s army to control noble’s militias and curb urban independence. He used ruthlessness, something Machiavellian would have praised, so they called him the Spider King. Francis I and Pope Leo X established the treaty of Concordat of Bologna, which approved Pope’s right to receive income of the new bishops and Abbots and in return, Leo X recognized French rulers right to select bishops and abbots. Another development…
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