community groups in our society.Orem describes her theory as a general nursing theory, and indeed it has influenced nursingresearch and practice not only in the United States, but internationally (Taylor et al, 1998).In her theory, Orem defines the four concepts that constitute nursing’s metaparadigm, as proposed by Fawcett: human beings, environment, health, and nursing (Fawcett, 2005). In1971, Orem described a human being (humanity) as “…an integrated whole composed of aninternal physical, psychologic…
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