The Australia had had a love-hate relationship with the sea and the water held in the many rivers running through its landscape. The climate change in Australia is likely to affect the marine ecosystems, agriculture, water security, average rainfall and temperatures. According to the article Climate Change Impacts on Australia, ‘Crop production is likely to be affected directly by changes in average rainfall and temperatures, in the distribution of rainfall during the year, and in rainfall variability. The productivity of livestock industries will be influenced by the changes in the quantity and quality of available pasture, as well as by the effects of temperature increases on livestock.’ During the recent years, with the change in rainfall and temperature, the
The scientist predicted that the average sea levels will be continuously increased by 20 centimeters in the 21th century if the situation of the environment does not change over the next few years. Additionally, as the emissions of greenhouse gases into the air, the ocean absorbs the toxic gases, thus making the ocean more acidic. The report on the Marine Climate Change in Australia states that ‘Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased markedly since the Industrial Revolution (circa 1750) from 280 ppm to 387 ppm in 2009, as a result of human activities based on fossil fuel use.’ An increase in emissions of toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane result in warm oceans and making the oceans acidic. In Australia, there is a coastline of 60,000 km that runs through tropical waters of northern Australia to the cool-temperature waters of Tasmania. The East coast and the west of Australia carry warm water into southern regions and have a significant influence in marine ecosystems. As a result, the impacts of climate change refer to the disasters, an increase in sea temperatures and sea levels, and acid