is a city in the Canadian province of Quebec. It is the largest city in the province, the second-largest in the country (after Toronto) and the fifteenth-largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary",[7] it is named after Mount Royal,[8] the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city. The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city,[9][10] and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.

As of 2011, the city of Montreal had a population of 1,649,519.[2] Montreal's metropolitan area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) had a population of 3,824,221[4] and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal included.[11]

French is the city's official language[12][13] and is also the language spoken at home by 56.9% of the population in the city of Montreal proper, followed by English at 18.6% and 19.8% other languages (as of 2006 census).[14] In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area, 67.9% of the population speaks French at home, compared to 16.5% who speak English.[15] 56% of the population are able to speak both English and French, making Montréal one of the most bilingual cities in Québec and Canada.[16] Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the world, after Paris.[17][18][19] [20]

Montreal was named a UNESCO City of Design.[21][22] Historically the commercial capital of Canada, it was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. Today it remains an important centre of commerce, aerospace, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, culture, tourism, gaming, film and world affairs.[23]

In 2009, Montreal was named North America's number one host city for international association events, according to the 2009 preliminary rankings of the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA).[24] In 2012, QS World University Rankings ranked Montreal the 10th-best place in the world to be a university student.[25]

Contents

1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 3.1 Climate 4 Architecture 5 Neighbourhoods 5.1 Old Montreal 5.2 Mount Royal 6 Demographics 7 Economy 8 Culture 9 Sports 10 Media 11 Government 12 Education 13 Transportation 13.1 Société de transport de Montréal (STM) 13.2 Air 13.3 Rail 14 International relations 14.1 Twin towns and sister cities 15 See also 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External links

Etymology

Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary",[26] it is named after Mount Royal,[27] the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city. According to one theory, the name derives from mont Réal, as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in modern French). And yet, Cartier's 1535 diary entry, naming the mountain, refers to "le mont Royal". Another argument, mentioned by the Government of Canada on its web site concerning Canadian place names, is that the name Montreal was adopted as it is written nowadays because an early map of 1556 used the Italian name of the mountain, "Monte Real".[28]
History
Further information: History of Montreal and Timeline of Montreal history

Archaeological evidence demonstrates that various First Nations native people occupied the island of Montreal as early as 4,000 years ago.[29] By the year AD 1000, they had started to cultivate maize. Within a few hundred years, they had built fortified villages.[30] The Saint Lawrence Iroquoians, a people distinct from the Iroquois nations of the Haudenosaunee then based in present-day New York, established the village of Hochelaga at the foot of Mount Royal two centuries before the French arrived. Archeologists have found evidence of their habitation there and at other locations in the