Simile

“I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is like wax; it is melted within my breast;
15 my mouth is dried out like potsherd, and my tongue sticks to my jaws; you lay me in the dust of death. (Psalms 22.14-15)

Personification

The earth opened and swallowed up
Dathan,
and covered the faction of Abiram. (Psalm 106.17)

Metaphor

3 You set the beams of your chambers on the waters, you make the clouds your chariot, you ride on the wings of the wind,
4you make the winds your messengers,
Fire and flame your ministers. (Psalm 104.3-4)

12Many bulls encircle me, strong bulls of Bashan surround me;
13they open wide their mouths at me, like a ravening and roaring lion.

Parallelism

The Lord is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer, my god, my rock in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. (Psalms 18:2)

“Therefore the Lord has recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his sight.” (Psalms 18:24)

These techniques show us that the Hebrew people came up with a way to instill stories and emotions by passing thoughts on from generation to generation. They learned how to create assortments of words and phrases that stuck in the minds of listeners. They knew how to create great poetry.
Psalms are religious poems or hymns. In psalm 22, Plea for Deliverance from suffering and Hostility, Jesus actually said this on the cross. The overall theme of this