TERMS
CHAPTER
27
“CHILLS
AND
FEVER
DURING
THE
COLD
WAR”
Harry
Truman/Dwight
Eisenhower
–
personal styles, views
875,
876
Joseph
Stalin/Nikita
Khrushchev
--‐ styles, views
876,
877
Potsdam
Conference
877,
878
Stalin
Speech/Churchill’s
Iron
Curtain
Speech
response,
1946
878
George
Kennan
878
Containment
Policy
–
Alarmed
by the expansion of Soviet power into
Central
Europe and Asia, the US acted to keep the
Soviets
from gaining control of any additional territories.
This
policy was called containment. James
Byrnes,
George
Marshall,
Dean
Acheson
–
President
Truman had 3
Secretaries
of
State
at different times in his administration. Chronologically,
Byrnes
died,
Marshall
resigned to administer the Marshall
Plan,
and
Acheson
finished out the term. All were strong supporters of the containment policy. Truman
Doctrine,
1947
878,
879
Marshall
Plan
(European
Recovery
Program),
1948
879,
880
Soviet
Blockade
&
Berlin
Airlift,
1948--‐1949
–
In an attempt to drive the Allies out of
West
Berlin and bring that city under communist control, the
Soviets
blockaded the surface routes between
Berlin
and
West
Germany
(Berlin
was located in the Eastern,
Soviet--‐occupied
portion of Germany.)
In
response,
US
and
British
planes airlifted food, medicine, and other necessities to West
Berliners
for almost a year, at which point the Soviets abandoned the blockade. North
Atlantic
Treaty
Organization
(NATO),
1949
881
Mao
Zedong/Communists/People’s
Republic
of
China,
1949
883
Jiang
Jieshi/Nationalists/Taiwan
883
38th
Parallel/June,
1950/Kim
Il--‐Sung
883,
884
UN
Security
Council
Resolutions
884
Truman--‐MacArthur
Controversy
884
Ike’s
threat,
May
1953
884,
885
Permanent
Mobilization/Military
Industrial
Complex
885
Shah of Iran/Coup,
1953
886
Creation
of
Israel,
1948
886
Gama
Abdel
Nasser/Suez
Canal
Crisis,
1956
886,
887
US intervention in
Guatemala,
1954
887
US reaction to
Fidel
Castro
Revolution,
1959
887
Baruch
Plan
--‐
In
1946, the US offered an atomic energy plan, proposed by Bernard
Baruch
at the United
Nations.
The
US
would destroy its atom bombs and share its technical knowledge with other nations on condition that an international authority be created to 1. ensure the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes only, and 2. have the right of unlimited inspection and the power to punish violators without the restrictions of the Big
Five
veto in the
UN
Security
Council.
The
Soviets
objected to part
2
of the plan, and vetoed the measure when it came up for a vote. Atomic
Energy
Commission
888
Sputnik
889
Nevil
Shute/On
the
Beach
889
Massive
Retaliation
890,
891
Federal
Employee
Loyalty
Program,
1947
891,
892
Smith
Act,
1940/McCarran
Internal
Security
Act,
1950
892
House
Un--‐American
Activities
Committee/Hollywood
Ten,
1947
892
HUAC/Hiss--‐Chambers
Case/Richard
Nixon,
1948
892,
893
Joseph
McCarthy
893
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
893
Army--‐McCarthy
Hearings
894
Bay of Pigs
Invasion,
1961
896
Cuban
Missile
Crisis,
1962
896,
897
Domino
Theory
897
Indochina
–
Southeast
Asian territory historically controlled for centuries by
China,
then during the
Age
of
Imperialism
by
France,
during
WW
II by Japan, and after the war returned to
France.
The present--‐day countries of Vietnam,
Laos,
and
Cambodia
were eventually carved from this region. French--‐Indochina
War,
1946--‐1954
–
Indochinese revolutionaries led by Ho
Chi
Minh fought the
French
colonial government for independence. Although the US was sympathetic to the desire for
self--‐determination