Table of Contents
Abstract 1

1.0 Introduction 2

2.0 Experimental Design 3 2.1 Diagram of Experiment 3 2.2 Methods 4 2.3 Procedure 4

3.0 Results & Discussion 5 3.1 Table of Results 5 3.2 Discussion 6

4.0 Conclusion 8

References 9
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the flow rate/discharge and the head loss of 3 particular flow measuring apparatus which are the Venturi Meter, Orifice Meter and Rota Meter in accordance to Bernoulli’s Equation. The time taken for the water to discharge as the diameter of Rota Meter increased was determined and tabulated. Then, the discharge & head loss for each apparatus is calculated using the data obtained through the experiment and the …show more content…
The equations used to calculate and tabulate results were:

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From the analysis of results of the experiment from Table 1, the water level of manometer tube from hA to hC will decrease whereas; the water level of manometer tube from hC to hF will increase. This is because of the converging and diverging section of the Venturi meter. There is a convergent flow from A to C due to the diameter of the tube is narrowing while there will be a divergent flow from C to F because of the tube is widening. Thus, according to Bernoulli’s theorem, as fluid flows from a wider pipe to a narrower one, the velocity of the flowing fluid increases and thus, pressure will decrease.

From the analysis of results of the experiment from Table 2, there was a linear decreasing trend of headloss noticed from all the 3 flow measuring apparatus namely: Venturi meter, Orifice meter & Rota meter as the time taken for water to flow was faster & the Rota meter diameter was increased. Head loss is the the measure of loss of kinetic energy from the system. As the Rota meter’s clearance is increased, there will be less kinetic friction experienced by water. Since there is less friction, energy loss will be lesser as well. The negative head loss calculated in the diffuser is due to the water flowing in the opposite direction due to the flow needing energy to travel from a smaller diameter tube to a