Final Exam Essay

Submitted By brianaortiz14
Words: 2092
Pages: 9

Is life a series of chemical reactions? Some say yes, some say no. In this case it’s a series of chemical reactions but there are definitely valid sources of evidence that support both sides of the argument. It’s very arguable due to the scientific data and studies. People on the yes side would say it is because of the food that we eat and the air we breathe, the choices we make, and the experiences we have. There’s a reaction to everything. People on the no side may have more of a spiritual side and don’t believe anything scientists conclude. The following information provided will include the structure of the cell membrane and protein transports, the structure of DNA and nucleotides, the different proteins such as enzymes, RNA, mRNA, tRNA etc. The immune system will also be discussed like how the immune system reacts to vaccines and illnesses. The food web, digestion, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, the respiratory system and your blood. All information provided uses logical explanations to support why life is, in fact, a series of chemical reactions. If there is a reaction to our everyday actions including our internal actions, then life is a series of chemical reaction. No more, no less. The next page will include information on membranes; the structure, osmosis, diffusion, endocytosis and exocytosis, and the transportation of protein.

The first pieces of evidence are membranes. The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also provides protection and support. In other words, the cell membrane is like a security guard. The cell membrane works in different ways; there is diffusion and osmosis, endocytosis and exocytosis, and protein transport. All of these processes are reactions. Cell membranes/boundaries are chemical reaction! To start off, there is diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is basically when particles move from a level of high concentration to a level of low concentration to balance the two levels out. Osmosis is a diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion occurs all the time through the cell membrane, particles move from one side to the other until it reaches equilibrium! Active transport is also included. Basically its like diffusion but it requires energy and transports proteins. If proteins can be transported and it requires energy, and diffusion occurs within a cell membrane, it can be considered a chemical reaction in the body and it occurs all the time.

In addition to cell membranes, there is also DNA. DNA consists of your genetics, nucleotides and base pairing. What happens in DNA or double helix is

definitely a part of a chemical reaction due to mutations, and how base pairing works. To begin, DNA is made up of nucleotides. Nucleotides consists of 4 nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine), a 5­carbon sugar called deoxyribose, and a phosphate group. The structure of DNA is basically two strands that are wound around each other. Its called a double helix. DNA is a chemical reaction to your parents genes coming together. Next is DNA replication. During DNA replication, the DNA molecule separates into two and then produces two new complementary strands that follows the rules of base pairing. Replication occurs through DNA polymerase because it joins individual nucleotides to produce a polymer. Lastly there are mutations. Mutations are changes in the genetic material.
There are different types of mutations which obviously work differently. They either insert, delete, or substitute from the DNA sequence. In conclusion, DNA replication, the structure of DNA, nucleotides, and mutations are all in connection with each other. Its like a cycle of reactions of life.
The next topic will consist of proteins and RNAs.

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