score tells how many SDs from mean, population = (x - µ)/ σ , for data set= (x – x̅) / s Empirical rule – 68% in one SD, 95% in 2, 99.7% in 3 … only exact for normal population using known means and variances, but often useful estimate even for non-normal distrib Z scores Way to compare the characteristics of two different data sets with normal distributions, with 0=µ 3. If P(A∩B) is nothing, then mutually exclusive If P(A|B)=P(A), then independent, otherwise dependent If independent, P(A∩B)=P(A)P(B)…
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