Diversity(ordiverse) is used to describe political entities (neighborhoods, student bodies, etc.) with members who have identifiable differences in their cultural backgrounds or lifestyles. It describes differences in racial or HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group o Ethnic group ethnic classifications, age, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender o Gender gender, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion o Religion religion, philosophy, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability o Disability physical abilities, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic o Socioeconomic socioeconomicbackground, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation o Sexual orientation sexual orientation, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity o Gender identity gender identity, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence o Intelligence intelligence, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health o Mental health mental health, physical HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health o Health health, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics o Genetics geneticattributes, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior o Behavior behavior, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attractiveness o Attractiveness attractiveness, or other identifying features. QUESTION- ANSWERS Q- 1. Describe the two major forms of workforce diversity. Ans. There are two major forms of workforce diversity. Surface-Level Diversity Deep-Level Diversity Q -2. Biographical characteristics and how are they relevant to OB. Ans. Those readily available in a personnel file Age Belief is widespread that job performance declines with increasing age. The workforce is aging. U.S. legislation that, for all intents and purposes, outlaws mandatory retirement. Sex Few issues initiate more debates, misconceptions, and unsupported opinions than whether women perform as well on jobs as men do. Few, if any, important differences between men and women affect job performance. Psychological studies have found women are more agreeable and willing to conform to authority, whereas men are more aggressive and more likely to have expectations of success, but those differences are minor. Race and Ethnicity Employees tend to favor colleagues of their own race in performance evaluations, promotion decisions, pay raises. Different attitudes on affirmative action. African-Americans generally do worse than whites in employment decisions. No statistical difference between Whites and African-Americans in observed absence rates, applied social skills at work, or accident rates. Disability A person is disabled who has any physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. The reasonable accommodation is problematic for employers. Strong biases exist against those with mental impairment. Tenure The issue of the impact of job seniority on job performance has been subject to misconceptions and speculations. Religion Although employees are protected by U.S. federal law regarding their religion, it is still an issue in the workplace. Sexual orientation Federal law does not protect employees against discrimination based on sexual orientation. Gender identity Often referred to as transgender employees, this topic encompasses those individuals who change genders. Q -3. Stereotypes and how they function in organizational settings Discrimination is to note a difference between things. Unfair discrimination is assuming stereotypes about groups and refusing to recognize individual differences Q -4. Define intellectual ability and demonstrate its relevance to OB Ans. Ability is an individuals current capacity to perform various tasks in a job Two types Intellectual abilities Physical abilities Intellectual abilities are abilities needed to perform mental activitiesthinking, reasoning, and problem solving. Most societies place a