In this section, I illustrate the situation and the effect of European Colony in North Africa not only during the European colonial period, also the post-European colonial period.

The main factors that pushed the European into Africa were economic, political and social, it is usually the main factors that motivate any of imperialist and colonizers. Thus, the main and primary factor for the European was economic because they saw in Africa a guaranteed markets and profitable investment outlets encouraged the European to invest there, especially, the European in that period expanded because of the European capitalist Industrial Revolution. Yes, the economic factor was mainly factor, but there was another factors played an important role in the
“It is worth mentioning that this treaty, drawn up without African participation, provided the basis for the subsequent partition, invasion, and colonization of Africa by various European powers”. After this conference the situation became more systemic and overt.
Moreover and because of the division of African countries between the European power, the most important outcome of the Berlin Conference was the formation of a momentous in African political and social development. “As the colonial limitations drawn on maps in Europe reflected mainly the interests of the colonial powers, and did not recognize the interests of Africa, Thus, the borders inherited from colonialism have led to the division of ethnic groups between two or more States and, on the other, ethnic groups with a history of hostility and conflict within one territorial boundary, which has encouraged the intensification of ethnic conflicts in many
“On the one hand, some of the increased unhappiness of the recent past which translated, in the wake of the major economic crisis of the 1980s, into food and water shortages, the HIV/AIDS pandemic, unemployment, and limited access to primary education partially gave way, at the turn of the twenty–first century, to coherent efforts to rebuild national economies after costly civil wars and establish new democracies” . “On the other hand, Africa still harbors thirty–five out of the fifty less developed countries, and adult life expectancy averages forty–six years, also, the number of people living on less than $1.25 a day (mostly women) rose from 217 million in 1990 to 290 million in 2000, with a slight decrease in the last decade” . “Twenty–eight African countries have been at war since 1980, and one–third of Africa’s leadership in 2010 still emanates from the army or a rebellion, and according to Africa Humanitarian Action, in 2007 there were seventeen million internally displaced people and five million refugees”. The change in Africa can be considered as it has proceeded at an irregular step and taken various forms, given the profound political, economic and cultural