systems rules and procedures used by unions and employers to determine the reward for effort and other conditions of employment, to protect the interests of the employed and their employers, and to regulate the ways in which employers treat their employees.”(K.Aswathappa, 1999). In 1970s, much of the research on IR found that most IR theories and procedures were outdated. With developments in industry and labour markets, theoretical concerns made researchers focus on employment relationships more…
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