talk-shows, special television reports, commentaries, books…, were produced about the “manga phenomenon”, the “mangamania”, especially between 1993 and 1997. 3 John Fiske, “The Cultural Economy of Fandom”, in The Adoring Audience, Ed. Lisa Lewis, New York, Routledge, 1992, p.30 2 Manga appeared then as derivatives of these commercial and cheap TV programs, and stood in sharp contrast with legitimate culture, French youth literature and comics. Manga and anime were considered a lowbrow commercial…
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