Section 56:
1. What happened when the Revolutionary dike broke in the early 1830s?

The revolutionary dike broke in 1830, and in Western Europe the stream thereafter never stopped. By 1825 Spanish America was independent. The British and French pulled away from the Congress system, and the Greek nationalist movement against the Turks, Had broken out in the early 1820s.

The flood of revolution broke free over western England. Some leaders wanted to proclaim the Democratic Republic. Intellectuals had been satisfied with the constitutional charter of 1214. It was only the policies and personnel of the government they had . The political liberals had other aims.

The political liberals and intellectuals would wish to continue with constitutional monarchy somewhat liberalized and with a king they could trust. The quick results from the Paris Revolution of 1830 had repercussions across the channel. This gave radical leaders in England the idea that threat of violence might be useful. The British middle-class thought that they would embarrass the government without courting.

Section 57:
2. How did the meaning of the term Bourgeoisie change in the 19 century?
What were the political and social ramifications of the changing economy?

The decades following 1830 were thought of as a kind Golden age of the West European
Bourgeoisie. In English this would be called upper-middle-class. In French this was someone who was not the nobility but enjoyed an income from