QUESTION 1
Differentiate between Database Management System and Information Retrieval System by focusing on their functionalities

DEFINITION
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)
 Database management system program that enables users to store, modify and extract information from databases.
 Software that uses a standard method of cataloguing, retrieving, and running queries on data. It also manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for data to be modified, extracted by other user and programme.
 Examples of DBMS are MySQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, File Maker, Oracle, and Clipper.

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
 The techniques of storing and recovering and often disseminating stored data through the use of a computerised
Over time "data" has become the plural of datum. "Information" is an older word that dates back to the 1300s and has Old French and Middle English origins. It has always referred to "the act of informing,” usually in regard to education, instruction, or other knowledge communication.
Example Each student's test score is one piece of data. The average score of a class or of the entire school is information that can be derived from the given data.

QUESTION 3
Illustrate the underlying concepts/components of database management system and information retrieval system using suitable diagram shows the Database Management System (DBMS) components. Source
Coronel, Morris, Rob, Database System – Design, Implementation, and Management, 2013, Course Technology/ Cengage Learning, USA
Five components that make up Database Management System (DBMS).
A. Hardware
Hardware refers to the system physical devices including computer (PCs, supercomputer, server, and workstation), storage devices, network devices (switches, routers, and fibre optics), printers, and other devices (ID readers, thumb scanner, keyboard and so
Software also acts as basic interface or layer between physical database and the system user. This includes DBMS software, Operating Systems (OS), applications programs and DBMS utilities software.

C. People (Users)
The types of users that have access and can retrieve data from databases using application software and interfaces provided by DBMS. This includes System Administrators who oversee database systems general operations, Database administrators that manages and ensure DBMS is working. Database designers design database diagram, System analysts and programmers design and implement the application program and lastly End users who use application program for organization`s using.

D. Procedures
This refers to sets of regulation and instruction used to govern the design and uses of the database that written and enforce by Database administrators. Example, procedures are like owner`s manual how to operate and use DBMS properly and efficiently.

E. Data
Data covers the collection of facts stored in the database. Since data are building blocks of information, it is important to know what data needed into database and how to organize data properly is vital part of database designer`s