Conference 4
Ivanna Stuart

1. Independent variable: The 190 patients used in the study.
Dependent variable: The PST and the PST boosters.

It was measured by having the patients take once a week for 10 weeks then adding the boosters after for an added 6 months. You can also say that with the control it was measured the same way because no one knew if they were taking the placebo or not.

2. The control is a randomized group taking the placebo PST for 10 weeks then the placebo PST boosters for 6 months. Since this is a study on humans, I don’t think there is a positive control used. The negative control is just the use of the control group.

3. Some constants given were their average age, a baseline for races, their body mass index, if they had pain in both knees at screening and their level of education.

4. This was a randomized – controlled clinical trial. It involved 190 elders that had moderate knee pain or worse for at least 3 plus months. Also, they had Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 – 4. They were given PST or the control then after 10 weeks they were either given control boosters or PST boosters for 6 months.

5. A controlled variable could be if any of the participants were talking other medicine as the where doing the study. Another could be if any of the participants were obese, overweight or in the normal weight range / had other medical issues. It made sure to take all these things into affect when looking at constants.

6. The study was concluded with the